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2025 Supreme(HP) 1768

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, SHIMLA
SANDEEP SHARMA, J. 
Abhinandan Kalia And Ors. - Petitioners
Versus
State of Himachal Pradesh And Ors. - Respondents
CWP No.4099 of 2022
Decided On : 19-12-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Mr. Ajay Sharma, Senior Advocate with Mr. Atharv Sharma, Advocate.
For the Respondent:Mr. Anup Rattan, Advocate General, Mr. Rajan Kahol, Mr. Vishal Panwar, Additional Advocates General, Mr. Ravi Chauhan, Mr. Anish Banshtu, Deputy Advocates General, Mr. Goldy Kumar, Advocate

Inter-se seniority for direct recruits/promotees appointed 27.11.2012-18.11.2019, not finalized by 18.11.2019, determined from recruitment process initiation date per 1986/2014 OMs, overriding later appointment-date rule.

Headnote:(A) Recruitment & Promotion Rules - Inter-se seniority between direct recruits and promotees - Question whether to be determined on basis of date of appointment or date of initiation of recruitment process - For direct recruits and promotees appointed/joined during period 27.11.2012 to 18.11.2019 where inter-se seniority not finalized by 18.11.2019, governed by provisions of OMs dated 7.2.1986/3.7.1986 read with OM dated 4.3.2014 - Seniority determined from date of initiation of recruitment process - Subsequent OM dated 13.8.2021 clarifying seniority from date of appointment does not apply to such cases due to exception in clause 7(iii) - Earlier OM dated 4.3.2014 issued pursuant to judgment on 27.11.2012 treated as non-est w.e.f. 19.11.2019 but old unsettled cases protected. (Paras 1, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14)

(B) Seniority - Provisional and final lists - Direct recruits shown junior from date of appointment letters - Objections rejected applying subsequent judgment ruling seniority from appointment date - But where seniority dispute arose pre-19.11.2019 and not finalized, recruitment year governs via rotation of vacancies and carry forward principles. (Paras 6, 12)

Facts of the case:
Requisition sent in 2014 for 9 posts, revised in 2015 including 33 more, total 42 posts advertised, recommendations received 2016, appointments offered to 39 direct recruits on 3.6.2016. Promotions from feeder cadre on 15.10.2015 and 16.6.2016. Provisional seniority list issued 30.6.2020 showing direct recruits from appointment date 25.7.2016, objections rejected, final list 29.2.2021/21.9.2021 maintaining same.

Findings of Court:
Seniority list dated 21.9.2021 quashed to extent direct recruits shown junior to promotees - Respondents directed to re-fix/re-determine seniority of direct recruits per OM dated 16.5.2014 and clause 7(iii) of OM dated 13.8.2021 as adopted by state, within two months.

Issues: Main issue whether inter-se seniority between direct recruits and promotees determined on basis of appointment date or initiation of recruitment process, given subsequent OMs and exceptions for pre-19.11.2019 unsettled cases.

Ratio Decidendi: Exception in OM dated 13.8.2021 clause 7(iii) mandates application of pre-2019 OMs for appointments 27.11.2012-18.11.2019 not finalized by cut-off, basing seniority on recruitment year/initiation date via quota rotation, protecting direct recruits initiating process earlier from being placed below promotees. Result : Petition allowed.

Table of Content
1. seniority from recruitment process initiation per 2014 om (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. 2021 om uses appointment date; parties dispute applicability (Para 7 , 8 , 9)
3. exceptions apply to unfinalized 2012-2019 cases (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
4. case governed by old rules; initiation date prevails (Para 13 , 14)
5. quash list; refix per 2014 om principles (Para 15 , 16)

JUDGMENT :

Sandeep Sharma, J.

Precisely, the question, which needs to be determined in the case at hand is “whether inter-se seniority between direct recruits and promotees shall be determined on the basis of the appointment or the date of initiation of recruitment process”.

2. Precisely, the facts of the case as emerge from the pleadings adduced on record by the respective parties are that in the year 2014, a requisition for filling up of 9 posts of Principal (ITI) was sent to Himachal Pradesh Public Service Commission (in short “Commission”), but subsequently, in the year 2015, afore requisition was revised by including 33 posts of Principal (ITI). Commission by clubbing all these posts advertised 42 posts of Principal (ITI). Recommendation of Commission for these posts was received in the year 2016 and after completion of codal formalities, appointments were offered to 39 incumbents on 3.6.2016 including the petitioners.

3. Simultaneously, proposal to fill up the vacant posts of Principal (ITI) by way of promotion from the feeder category i.e. Group Instructor (ITI) was sent to the Commission for holding the meeting of Departmental Promotion Committee and to recommend suitable officials for the post of Principal ITI as per provisions of the Recruitment & Promotion Rules of the post in question.

4. Respondent department vide order dated 15.10.2015 and 16.6.2016 promoted the private respondents. Though respondents No. 1 & 2 immediately ought to have issued combined seniority list in year 2016 itself, taking note of memorandum dated 16.5.2014 (Annexure P-9), whereby it came to be decided that inter-se seniority between direct recruits and promotees shall be maintained in terms of office memorandum dated 4.3.2014, whereby Government of India slightly revised the instructions regarding seniority of direct recruits and promotees in pursuance to judgment rendered by Hon’ble Apex Court on 27.11.2012 in CA No. 7514-7515 of 2005 in case N.R. Parmar v. Union of India and Ors. , wherein it came to be ruled that seniority will be determined between the direct recruits and promotees, to the extent of number of vacancies for direct recruits and promotees, as determined according to the quota for that year, the additional direct recruits and promotees selected against the carried forward vacancies of the previous years would be placed en-bloc below the last promotee/direct recruit, as the case may be, based on the rotation of vacancies for that year.

5. In nutshell, pursuant to office memorandum dated 4.3.2014, it came to be notified that rotation of quota based on available direct recruits and promotees appointed against the vacancies of a Recruitment Year, as provided in DoPT O.M. dated 7.2.1986/3.7.1986 would continue to operate for determination of inter-se seniority between the direct recruits and promotees; The available direct recruits and promotees, for assignment of inter se seniority, would refer to the direct recruits and promotees, who are appointed against the vacancies of a Recruitment Year; Recruitment Year would be the year of initiating the recruitment process against a vacancy year; Initiation of recruitment process against a vacancy year would be the date of sending of requisition for filling up of vacancies to the recruiting agency in the case of direct recruits; in the case of promotees the date on which a proposal, complete in all respects, is sent to UPSC/Chairman-DPC for convening of DPC to fill up the vacancies through promotion would be the relevant date; The Initiation of recruitment process for any of the modes viz. direct recruitment or pr

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