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2025 Supreme(HP) 1855

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, SHIMLA
Rakesh Kainthla, J.
Akshya Kumar alias Ankush - Petitioner
Versus
State of HP. - Respondent
Cr. Revision Nos. 88 and 89 of 2014
Decided On : 15-12-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Mr Ashok Kumar, Advocate, vice Mr Karan Singh Kanwar, Advocate
For the Respondent:Mr Lokender Kutlehria, Additional Advocate General

Revisional jurisdiction narrowly limited; no reappreciation of evidence absent perversity in concurrent findings. Related witness testimony reliable if credible. No need for independent witnesses in disclosure/recovery u/s 27. Unexplained recent possession presumes guilt.

Headnote:(A) IPC - Sections 457 and 380 read with Section 34 - CrPC - Section 397 - Evidence Act - Sections 27 and 114 illus. (a) - Criminal Revision - Conviction and reduced sentence for house-breaking by night to commit theft from shop and theft, partly upheld by appellate court - Revisional jurisdiction limited to patent defects, errors of jurisdiction or law; not to reappreciate evidence or reverse concurrent findings absent perversity - Recent unexplained possession of stolen articles raises presumption of guilt. (Paras 14-19, 42)

(B) Witnesses - Related witness not interested merely by relationship; testimony reliable if cogent, consistent and probable, requiring careful scrutiny but not automatic discard - No reason to depose falsely absent enmity or motive. (Paras 22-29)

(C) Evidence Act - Section 27 - Disclosure statement and consequent recovery - No requirement for independent witnesses at disclosure or recovery; police testimony reliable unless shown unreliable - Non-association not fatal to prosecution. (Paras 30, 37-41)

Facts of the case:
Shop closed at night found broken next morning with scattered articles; mobile accessories, batteries, covers, recharge coupons worth Rs.12,000/- and Rs.14,000/- cash missing - Reported to police - Accused apprehended selling coupons at discount; identified stolen items recovered from personal search - Disclosure statements led to further recoveries of stolen articles from accused's premises, identified by complainant - No explanation for possession.

Findings of Court:
Theft proved by complainant's testimony corroborated by investigating officer's site inspection and recoveries - Articles identified by marks - Sentences of one year RI and fine u/s 457 r/w 34 IPC and six months RI and fine u/s 380 r/w 34 IPC reasonable.

Issues: Scope of revisional interference with concurrent conviction; reliability of related witness; effect of non-association of independent witnesses in disclosures/recoveries; validity of identification and presumption from possession.

Ratio Decidendi: Revisional court exercises supervisory jurisdiction narrowly, interfering only for gross errors or perversity, not re-analysing evidence - Related witness evidence scrutinized cautiously but accepted if trustworthy - Recoveries u/s 27 valid without independent attestation; presumption u/s 114 illus.(a) applies to unexplained recent possession. Result : Revisions dismissed.

Table of Content
1. theft convictions based on recoveries from accused. (Para 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8)
2. challenges to convictions for improbability and no independents. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
3. revisional jurisdiction limited to patent errors. (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
4. theft corroborated by site inspection and photos. (Para 20 , 21)
5. related witnesses reliable if credible. (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29)
6. non-examination of independents not fatal. (Para 30 , 31 , 32)
7. owner identification via marks reliable. (Para 33 , 34 , 35)
8. no independents needed for disclosures. (Para 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41)
9. recent possession presumes guilt. (Para 42)
10. sentences reasonable; revisions dismissed. (Para 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47)

JUDGMENT :

Rakesh Kainthla, J.

Present revisions have arisen out of the common trial and judgment; therefore, they are being taken up together for disposal.

2. The present revisions are directed against the judgment dated 24.1.2014, passed by learned Sessions Judge, Sirmour District at Nahan, HP (learned Appellate Court), vide which the judgment of conviction dated 7.5.2012 and order of sentence dated 11.5.2012, passed by learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, Sirmour District at Nahan, HP (learned Trial Court) were partly upheld. (Parties shall hereinafter be referred to in the same manner as they were arrayed before the learned Trial Court for convenience.)

3. Briefly stated, the facts giving rise to the present petitions are that the police presented a challan against the accused before the learned Trial Court for the commission of offences punishable under Sections 457 and 380 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). It was asserted that Rahil Khan (PW1) was running a shop in the name and style of Rahil Communications at Ranital, Nahan. He closed his shop on 16.2.2007 at 10.30 PM. He returned to the shop on 17.2.2007 at about 6.45 AM and found that the lock of the shutter was broken and the shutter was open. He went inside the shop and found that the articles were scattered. He checked the articles and found that accessories of mobile, mobile batteries, mobile covers, mobile coupons worth Rs.12,000/- and currency notes of Rs.14,000/- were missing. The matter was reported to the police. An entry (Ex.PW4/A) was recorded in the Police Station. HC Ranjeet Singh (PW7) visited the spot and recorded the statement of Rahil Khan (Ex.PW1/A), which was sent to the Police Station, where FIR (Ex.PW7/A) was registered. HC Ranjeet Singh investigated the matter. He prepared the site plan (Ex.PW7/C) and took the photographs (Ex.PX1 and Ex.PX2) with the help of an official camera. He found a hammer (Ex.P2), a broken rod (Ex.P1), and a broken lock (Ex.P3). He seized them vide memo (Ex.PW1/B). HC Ranjeet Singh (PW7) received information that a person was selling recharge coupons near Delhi Gate. He asked the informant to visit Delhi Gate. The police reached Delhi Gate and found that one person was selling recharge coupons at a discount. The police apprehended him. He revealed his name as Akshay alias Ankush. The police searched him and found four coupons (Ex. P4 to Ex. P7), a Top-up recharge (Ex. P8 and Ex.P9), two coupons of smart recharge (Ex.P10 and Ex.P11) and one Nokia battery (Ex.P12) in sealed condition. Rahil Khan identified them as the stolen articles. They were put in a parcel, and the parcel was sealed with seal impression ‘A’. The parcel was seized vide memo (Ex.PW1/C). Akshay disclosed the involvement of Prince, who was also arrested. Akshay made a disclosure statement that he had concealed recharge coupons, Audio CDs, Charger, Batteries, Computer Speaker and Amplifier, etc. in a shop which could be got recovered by him. Statement (Ex.PW1/D) was reduced to writing. Prince made a disclosure statement (Ex.PW1/E) that he had concealed Audio CDs, Batteries, Charger, and Recharge Coupon in his home, which could be got recovered by him. Prince led the police to his home and got r

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