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2025 Supreme(Jhk) 419

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI
ANUBHA RAWAT CHOUDHARY, J.
Asim Kumar Agarwalla S/o Late Parmeshwar Kr. Agarwalla - Appellant 
Versus
Jitendra Kumar Agarwalla S/o Late Banwari Lal Agarwalla - Respondent 
Civil Revision No. 28 of 2014, Civil Revision No. 14 of 2015
Decided On : 19-03-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellants : Sudipto Sarkar, Indrajit Sinha, Saurav Agarwal, Ayush Aggarwala, Akhil Sachar, Ajay Kumar Sah
For the Respondents: Rachit Lakhmani, Ananda Basu, Anurag Kumar, Saurabh Shekhar, Shail Lakra, Kaushik Sarkhel, Atanu Banerjee, Suman Kumar Ghosh

Merely asserting prior oral partition does not negate the right to seek partition; substantial evidence and facts must be examined to determine cause of action, and claims of limitation require trial evaluation.

Headnote:(A) Civil Procedure Code - Order VII Rule 11 - Suit for partition of joint family properties - Petitioner sought rejection of plaint claiming no cause of action due to prior oral partition recorded in memorandum - Court found existence of cause of action as equitable partition was unproven and matters requiring adjudication remain. (Paras 1, 26, 30)

(B) Cause of Action - Definition - Whether the plaint discloses a clear cause of action is critical in determining merit; if not, suit may be dismissed. (Paras 8, 25)

(C) Limitation - Arguments over whether partition suit was barred by limitation due to prior arrangements require factual and evidential determination by the trial court, and cannot be summarily dismissed. (Paras 18, 25)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff files for partition claiming a 1/9th interest in partial joint family properties. Defendants argue an earlier partition occurred, supported by a 1982 Memorandum recognized by tax authorities. Plaintiff contends no complete partition has taken place.

Findings of Court:
The trial court's dismissal of the objections was upheld as proper; existence of disputes over the facts and interpretation of past agreements necessitated further trial.

Issues: Did the earlier memorandums constitute a full partition? Was the suit barred by limitation? What constituted a cause of action?

Ratio Decidendi: The court reinforced that merely claiming a prior partition is not sufficient to dismiss a partition claim; substantive evaluation of evidence is needed to ascertain if a partition indeed took place.

Result: Civil revision petitions dismissed.

Table of Content
1. factual background of the civil suit (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. arguments presented by the parties regarding the plaint (Para 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
3. court examines provisions of order vii rule 11 of cpc (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13)
4. court's observations on previous memoranda and their legality (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
5. importance of evidence in partition disputes (Para 18 , 19 , 20)
6. determination of cause of action in partition suits (Para 21 , 22 , 23)
7. rejection of plaint based on absence of valid cause of action (Para 24 , 25 , 26)
8. court's final findings and legal standings (Para 27 , 28 , 29)
9. conclusion of the judgment (Para 30 , 31)

JUDGMENT :

1. These Civil Revision applications arise for setting aside the order dated 16.07.2014 passed by the learned Civil Judge, (Senior Division) I, Dhanbad in Title (Partition) Suit No. 151 of 2013 whereby the petitions filed by the petitioners under Order VII Rule 11 of the CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE (in short ‘CPC’) for rejection of the plaint has been dismissed.

2. The plaintiff has filed the suit for partition of joint family properties, trade and business of trading companies among the plaintiff, his brothers and sisters those who are alive and their successors who are not alive. The plaintiff claimed to be the co- sharer of the properties, trade, business and trading companies, mentioned in Schedule B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K & L which were said to be either ancestral property or properties purchased from the profits of ancestral property and with the aid of joint family property, by the joint labour of the whole family, and it was asserted that there was a nucleus sufficient to acquire the property and interest thereon by profitable investment thereof for the benefit of the joint family.

3. The plaintiff prayed for the following reliefs: -

“(i) for partition of 1/9th share of the plaintiff in the properties mentioned in Schedule C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L and allotment of separate and exclusive management and control to the plaintiff upto that extent.

(ii) For appointment of a Court Receiver to manage the affairs of the properties mentioned in Schedule C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L in view of the reported attempts by respondent Nos. 1 to 3 and also by respondent Nos. 7 to 8 to divert cash and monies and resort to asset stripping/transfer to benami entities or creating 3rd party interest therein and to maintain accounts of profit and loss, with the assistance of such person or persons whom such court receiver thinks fit and proper to assist him and furnish such statement of account etc. to the court periodically, on such terms and conditions as the courts thinks fit and proper, till the disposal of the suit for partition.

(iii) For appointment of a survey knowing Advocate Commissioner for appointment of respective shares in the immovable properties consisting of house, buildings and landed properties.

(iv) For appointment of qualified Assessor or any valuer for determining the valuation of the properties so that any of the parties to the suit may in lieu of his share may compensate in terms of money proportionately.

(v) For the cost of the suit.

(vi) For any other or further relies to which plaintiff may be found legally entitled to.”

4. In title partition suit, the defendant Nos. 1, 2 and 3, namely, Devendra Kumar Agarwalla, Mahendra Kumar Agarwalla and Yogendra Kumar Agarwalla respectively are the sons of Late Banwari Lal Agarwalla and defendant Nos. 4, 5 and 6, namely, Annapurna Devi Ruiya, Sarala Devi Todi and Shakuntala Devi Kanoi respectively are the daughters of Late Banwari Lal Agarwalla.

5. As per the plaint, Schedule A is the genealogy; Schedule B is the name of Companies formed during the lifetime of Banwari Lal Agarwalla; Schedule C is the details of companies running in original names or by changing name of Schedule B companies; Schedule D is the company formed after the death of Banwari Lal Agarwalla; Schedule E is the name of the partnership firms; Schedul

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