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2025 Supreme(Jhk) 1296

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI
SUJIT NARAYAN PRASAD, GAUTAM KUMAR CHOUDHARY, JJ.
Rahul Singh @ Rahul Kumar - Appellant 
Versus
The State of Jharkhand - Respondent 
Criminal Appeal (D.B.) No. 76 of 2025
Decided on : 03-04-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr. Ravi Prakash, Advocate, Mr. Ganesh Ram, Advocate
For the Respondent: Mrs. Shweta Singh, APP

Consent for sexual relations is not valid if obtained through deceit regarding marriage, requiring clear evidence of non-consensual elements, especially considering the duration of the relationship.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Section 376(2)(n) - Conviction for rape - The appellant was convicted for repeatedly establishing physical relations with the prosecutrix on false promises of marriage, resulting in a twelve-year sentence and a fine of Rs. 10,000. The court emphasized that consent given under a misconception, especially through deceit in terms of marriage, does not equate to lawful consent. (Paras 10, 24, 35)

(B) Rape and Consent - The court clarified distinctions between consensual relationships and those established under false pretenses, indicating a need for demonstrable evidence of deceit for assessing criminal liability. The length of the relationship and absence of public complaint by the victim were considered mitigating factors. (Paras 25, 35)

(C) Delay in Reporting - The court acknowledged the prosecutrix's delay in filing the FIR for over a month, which raised questions regarding the credibility of her claims on coercion. (Paras 9, 39)

Facts of the case:
The appellant and the prosecutrix became friends through social media and engaged in sexual relations. The prosecutrix alleged coercion into a false marriage followed by repeated abuse. The FIR was filed after substantial delay, and the medical report was inconclusive. (Paras 2, 4, 9)

Findings of Court:
The court recognized the prosecution's evidence was weak with no supportive medical findings, and the victim's continued relationship with the appellant without protest weakened her claims of coercion. (Paras 41, 44)

Issues: The primary issues included whether the prosecutrix's consent was vitiated by misunderstanding based on a false promise of marriage and the implications of her delay in filing the complaint.

Ratio Decidendi: The court concluded that unless it could be proven that the physical relationship directly stemmed from the false promise, including concomitant considerations such as the relationship’s duration and lack of complaint, consent would not be categorized as legally vitiated. (Paras 25, 35)

Result: The interlocutory application was allowed, suspending the sentence pending appeal.

Table of Content
1. application for sentence suspension. (Para 1)
2. allegations of rape and conviction details. (Para 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
3. request for suspension of sentence. (Para 8)
4. delay in fir and defense arguments. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
5. prosecution's arguments for conviction. (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
6. court's analysis of relationships and consent. (Para 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23)
7. legal definitions of consent in rape. (Para 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28)
8. conditions for false promise in consent. (Para 29 , 30 , 31)
9. assessment of liability based on promises. (Para 32 , 33 , 34 , 35)
10. victim’s understanding and agency. (Para 36 , 37 , 38 , 39)
11. questioning reliability of victim’s claims. (Para 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44)
12. importance of context in legal decisions. (Para 45 , 46)
13. court's decision to suspend sentence. (Para 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51)

JUDGMENT :

1. The instant interlocutory application has been filed under Section 430 (1) of the BNSS , 2023 for keeping the sentence in abeyance in connection with the judgment of conviction dated 13.12.2024 and order of sentence dated 16.12.2024 passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge-II, F.T.C. (C.A.W), Bermo at Tenughat (Bokaro) in connection with Sessions Trial No.292 of 2023 arising out of Bermo (Mahila) PS Case No.01 of 2023, whereby and whereunder, the appellant has been convicted under sections 376 (2) (n) of the IPC and sentenced to undergo RI for twelve years for the offence under sections 376 (2) (n) of the IPC and a fine of Rs.10,000/- for the said offence and in default of payment of fine, further directed to undergo RI for six months.

Factual Matrix:

2. The prosecution story, in brief, as per written report of prosecutrix dated 02.01.2023 is that she developed friendship with the appellant through social media, i.e, Facebook and Instagram. Thereafter, the accused started establishing physical relation with her. On 26.11.2022, the accused took the prosecutrix in the house of his friend Ali Khan where, he forcibly established physical relation with her and when the prosecutrix told that since, he established physical relation with her, so he had to marry her. The accused solemnized his false marriage with the prosecutrix on 21.12.2022 in a temple.

3. Further, it has been alleged that thereafter, when the accused took the prosecutrix to his house, his parents did not allow her to enter in their house. When the parents of the prosecutrix came to know about the entire occurrence, her parents called the accused and his parents at their house on 26.12.2022 where the accused told that he is ready to take the prosecutrix with him, but when the parents of the prosecutrix asked the accused to give his consent in writing, he refused to take the prosecutrix with him.

4. Thereafter the prosecutrix submitted her written application to the police and on the basis of the same, Bermo (Mahila) PS Case No.01 of 2023 has been instituted for the offence under section 376(2) (n)/493/417 of the IPC.

5. On the basis of written report of prosecutrix dated 02.01.2023, former FIR was registered bearing Bermo (Mahila) PS Case No.01 of 2023 has been instituted for the offence under section 376(2) (n)/493/417 of the IPC against the appellant.

6. After investigation, charge sheet was submitted and cognizance was taken for the offence under section 376(2) (n)/493/417 of the IPC and the case was committed to the Court of Sessions.

7. On receipt of the case record by the Office of Ld. Sessions Judge, Bermo at Tenughat, the same was registered as Sessions Trial being Sessions Trial No.292 of 2023 and accordingly the trial proceeded in which the appellant has been convicted under sections 376 (2) (n) of the IPC and sentenced to undergo RI for twelve years with fine of Rs.10,000/- for the offence under sections 376 (2) (n) of the IPC and in default of payment of fine, further directed to undergo RI for six months.

8. The instant interlocutory application has been preferred by the applicant/

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