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2025 Supreme(Jhk) 2354

THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI
Sujit Narayan Prasad, Arun Kumar Rai, JJ.
The State of Jharkhand through the Secretary, Health, Medical Education & Family Welfare Department - Appellant
Versus
Rajwanti Pandey, W/o late Umesh Pandey - Respondent
L.P.A. No. 435 of 2014
Decided On : 03-11-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. Amit Kumar, S.C. (Mines)-II
For the Respondent:Mr. Lalan Kumar Singh, Advocate Mr. Nand Kishore Singh, Advocate

The state, acting as a model employer, must treat identically situated employees with parity. Principles of delay, laches, and the fence-sitter doctrine cannot be weaponized by the state to deny relief where the state itself failed to act uniformly and arbitrarily discriminated against the litigants.

Headnote:(A) Letters Patent - Clause 10 - Constitution of India - Article 226 - Service law - Reinstatement of terminated employee - Applicability of doctrine of parity and model employer in the face of delay and laches. (Paras 1, 16, 37)

(B) Delay and laches - Discretionary relief - Not a hard and fast rule - Depends on the facts and circumstances - Not applicable where the state fails to act as a model employer in treating identically placed persons uniformly. (Paras 16, 19, 20, 25, 26)

(C) Principle of parity - Similarly placed employees must be treated identically - Failure to do so constitutes discrimination - State cannot benefit from its own wrong or delay caused by its own failure to maintain consistency in service matters. (Paras 27, 38)

(D) Fence-sitter doctrine - Inapplicable where the state fails to take uniform decisions for all identically placed litigants - A wrongdoer cannot take advantage of its own failure to act as a model employer. (Paras 26, 27)

Facts of the case:
A former employee was terminated from service and subsequently challenged the termination. While other similarly situated individuals sought legal remedy and were reinstated following court directions, the employee in question faced significant delays before initiating proceedings. Following an ultimate rejection of the claim upon a departmental review mandated by judicial order, the former employee (later represented by their legal heir upon their demise) sought relief in the court, which quashed the order of rejection. The state challenged this ruling in the appellate court.

Findings of Court:
The administrative authority failed to provide cogent reasons as to how the case of the respondent differed from those of other individuals who had been reinstated. The court determined that the facts were identical and that the state had failed in its duty to act as a model employer by treating similarly situated persons disparately.

Issues: Whether the principle of delay and laches disbars a belated claim for reinstatement, and whether the "fence-sitter" doctrine is applicable when the state fails to ensure uniform treatment for identical service cases.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that the state is obligated to treat similarly situated employees with parity. Delay and laches are discretionary factors that cannot be applied in a "straight-jacket" manner to deny justice when the state itself has acted inconsistently by granting relief to most individuals while denying it to others without cause. The state cannot demand that a citizen suffer the consequences of delay when the state failed to act uniformly in the first instance.

Result: Appeal dismissed. The court upheld the lower order and directed the release of all monetary benefits including salary arrears and pensionary entitlements.

Table of Content
1. nature of appeal and background of original writ proceedings. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. procedural history and factual parity between the petitioner and co-employees. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11)
3. contentions regarding delay, laches, and the principle of equality in service matters. (Para 12 , 13)
4. judicial discretion concerning delay, laches, and the fence-sitter doctrine. (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28)
5. state cannot plead delay to deny parity for identically situated employees. (Para 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39)
6. final adjudication of appeal and direction for monetary compensation. (Para 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46)

ORDER :

Sujit Narayan Prasad, J.

1. The appeal is under clause 10 of the Letters Patent directed against the order/judgment dated 20.11.2013 passed in W.P.(S) No. 753 of 2013 whereby and whereunder the order dated 12.05.2012 passed by Director in Chief Health Service, Govt. of Jharkhand has been quashed and the writ Court has further held that the petitioner would be entitled for appointment with effect from 12.05.2012 but petitioner would not be entitled for salary, allowances etc. and further observed that other consequential benefits such as, seniority, etc. would be granted to the petitioner notionally with effect from 12.05.2012.

2. Before entering into the merit of the instant appeal it requires to refer herein that the original writ petitioner namely, Umesh Pandey had died during the pendency of the instant appeal and original writ petitioner (deceased) was being substituted by his wife namely, Rajwanti Pandey i.e. present respondent.

Factual Matrix

3. The brief facts of this case as per the pleading made in the writ petition has been incorporated in the memo of appeal and taken note in the impugned judgment dated 20.11.2013 reads hereunder:

“The original writ petitioner (deceased) was appointed on the post of non-Medical Assistant by order dated 28.10.1986 and his service was terminated on 22.08.1988. The petitioner was again called for interview alongwith one Rajendra Prasad Gupta and Satyendra Narayan Singh.

In the meantime, a writ petition being C.W.J.C. No. 2249 of 1990 (R) was filed which was withdrawn on 23.11.1990 in view of the subsequent development. Another Writ Petition being C.W.J.C. No. 2037 of 1991(R) was preferred by Rajendra Prasad Gupta which was disposed of on 26.09.1991 with a direction to fill up the vacant posts.

An enquiry report was submitted in which it was found that (i) no show-cause notice was issued to the petitioner before termination of his service and, (ii) the case of one Satyendra Narayan Singh and Rajendra Prasad Gupta was identical to the petitioner and there was one post of non-Medical Assistant on which the petitioner can be adjusted.

In the mean-time the said Rajendra Prasad Gupta was appointed pursuant to order passed in C.WJ.C. No. 2037 of 1991(R). Other similarly situated persons including Satyendra Narayan Singh took the matter to Hon'ble Supreme Court and in view of order passed in SLP(C) No 9102-07 of 1990, those persons were also appointed.

However, the petitioner was not re-appointed and therefore, the petitioner moved this Court in W.P.(S) No. 2360 of 2003 which was disposed of vide order dated 16.12.2009 with a direction to the respondents to consider the case of the petitioner afresh in the light of the findings recorded by the Court.

The claim of the present petitioner was rejected by order dated 12.05.2012. In the meantime, the petitioner had preferred Cont. Civil Case No. 463 of 2009 which was disposed of by order dated 21.12.2012 with a liberty to the petitioner to challenge the order of termination.

The writ petitioner being aggrieved with the order dated 12.05.2012 had preferred writ petition being W.P.(S) No. 753 of 2013 before the learned writ Court and the same was allowed vide order dated 20.11.13 against which the instant appeal has been preferred by the

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