IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
V.SIVAGNANAM, J.
Rani - Appellant
Versus
T.N.Vayamani (deceased) - Respondent
A.S.No.13 of 2014
Decided on : 02-04-2025
(A) Hindu Succession Act, 1956 - Section 6 - Evidence Act, 1872 - Section 90 - Suit for partition and separate possession - The trial Court held that the plaintiffs are entitled to 17/24 shares in the B schedule properties, rejecting the defendants' claim based on an unproven Will dated 10.09.1950. The court emphasized that a Will must be proved in accordance with Sections 63(c) and 68 of the Succession Act and Evidence Act, and that Section 90 does not apply to Wills. (Paras 10, 22, 24, 26)
(B) Legal heirs - The court recognized the legal heirs of Kuppusamy Pillai, including both wives and their descendants, as entitled to equal shares in the properties upon his death. (Paras 17, 26)
(C) Adverse possession - The court found that the question of adverse possession did not arise as the plaintiffs had made demands for partition. (Para 5.2)
Facts of the case:
The suit involved the partition of properties belonging to Kuppusamy Pillai, who had two wives and multiple children. The plaintiffs claimed shares based on their lineage, while the defendants contested the claim citing a Will.
Findings of Court:
The trial Court's decree granting 17/24 shares to the plaintiffs was upheld, confirming their entitlement to the properties.
Issues: The main issues included the validity of the Will and the entitlement of the plaintiffs to shares in the properties.
Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that the Will was not proven and that the plaintiffs were entitled to equal shares as legal heirs of Kuppusamy Pillai.
Result: Appeal suit dismissed.
JUDGMENT :
Aggrieved over the Judgement and Decree dated 12.09.2013 passed in O.S.No.149 of 2004 by the Principal District Judge, Cuddalore.
2. For the sake of convenience, the parties are referred to as per their rankings in the trial Court.
3. Suit for partition and separate possession.
4. The defendants in O.S.No.149 of 2004 on the file of the Principal District Court, Cuddalore, is the appellants herein.
5. The plaintiffs' case is as follows:
Kuppusami Pillai married twice. His first wife is Thayarammal. His second wife is Amaravathi. The marriage of Amaravathi was celebrated on 25.10.1926. Through the 1st wife Thayarammal, Kuppusami Pillai had 3 sons by name Arumugham, Subramaniam and Shanmugham. All the aforesaid persons are dead. Shanmugham died without marriage. Arumugham's wife is dead. He left behind him only one issue, a female issue by name Rani, who is the 1st defendant in the suit. Subramanian has a son namely Vaidayanathan, who is the 2nd defendant and 3 daughters namely Kalvikarasi, Senthamizhselvi and Vijaya. They are defendants 3 and 4 and 9th plaintiff in the suit respectively. Subramanian's wife is dead.
5.1. Through the 2nd wife Amaravathi, Kuppusamy had only 4 daughters and no sons. They are Dhanalakshmi, Meenakshi, Sakkubai and Saroja. Dhanalakshmi is no more. Her husband Natarajan is also dead. Plaintiffs 1 to 3 are their 3 sons and her legal heirs. Meenakshi is also dead. Plaintiffs 4 to 6 are husband, son and daughter and hence, her legal heirs. Plaintiff 7 & 8 are other two daughters. 9th plaintiff has married 2nd plaintiff.
5.2. The suit properties belonged to Kuppusami Pillai. On the death of Kuppusami Pillai, all his issues through both wives became entitled to his properties equally. Of them, Shanmugham died without any issues. Hence, in all the properties, the remaining two sons Arumugham, Subramaniam and 4 daughters Dhanalakshmi, Meenakshi, Sakkubai and Saroja each became entitled to 1/6 share. Since Dhanalakshmi is no more, plaintiffs 1 to 3 are entitled to 1/6 share. Plaintiffs 4 to 6 are entitled to the 1/6 share of Meenakshi. Plaintiffs 7 & 8 are each entitled to 1/6 share. Arumugham's 1/6 share has been obtained by the 1st defendant. Subramaniam's 1/6 share shall be succeeded to by 9th plaintiff and defendants 2 to 4. Thus, 9th plaintiff is entitled 1/24 share while defendants 2 to 4 are entitled to 1/24 share each.
Thus, the position of sharers is as follows:
| Plaintiffs 1 to 3 | 1/6 share |
| Plaintiffs 4 to 6 | 1/6 share |
| 7th plaintiff | 1/6 share |
| 8th plaintiff | 1/6 share |
| 1st Defendant | 1/6 share |
| 9th plaintiff | 1/24 share |
| 2nd defendant | 1/24 share |
| 3rd defendant | 1/24 share |
| 4th defendant | 1/24 share |
The 1st defendant is residing in suit item 1. 3rd defendant is residing in suit item 3. In suit item 2, a tenant is in occupation. Till recently, the parties were living amicably. There has been no partition till date. On and from 15.8.2004 plaintiffs have been making a demand for partition but the defendants had been evading. Hence, plaintiffs 1, 5, 7 & 8 issued a notice dated 26.8.2004 to defendants 1 and 2 calling upon them to effect a division. The plaintiffs are not concerned with the release deed alleged to have been executed by 1st defendant in favour of 2nd defendant. The plaintiffs are not parties to any of the transactions. Their right has not been denied until now. In the circumstances, the question of adverse possession and ouster do not arise and thus, pleaded to allow the suit.
6. The defendants contested the suit and filed a written statement and denied the allegations contained in the plaint and contended that the deceased Kuppusamy had two wives and they are no more. As per the genealogy, the Plaintiffs excepting the 9th Plaintiff all are legal heirs of the second wife of the deceased Kuppusamy and the defendants are the legal heirs of the deceased Kuppusamy. None of the plaintiffs are entitled for a share in the suit property. The plaintiffs have come up with a false case. The deceased Kuppusamy has executed a Will dated
A Will must be proved in accordance with Sections 63(c) and 68 of the Succession Act, and Section 90 of the Evidence Act does not apply to Wills.
The presumption of execution and attestation of a 'WILL' over 30 years old can be drawn under Section 90 of the Indian Evidence Act if produced from proper custody.
A will must be proven in accordance with statutory requirements; the presumption for documents over 30 years old does not apply to wills under Indian law.
(1) Presumption contemplated under Section 90 of Indian Evidence Act in respect of documents more than 30 years old does not apply to a Will.(2) Second Appeal – Scope of interference in a Second Appe....
The presumption under Section 90 of the Indian Evidence Act does not apply to Wills, necessitating proof of execution and attestation by the propounder.
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