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2025 Supreme(Mad) 4575

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
P.B. Balaji, J.
A.V.S. Balasubramanian - Petitioner
Versus
Kolanji @ C. Chandramohan and ors. - Respondents
CRP.No.1431 of 2025 & C.M.P.No.8437 of 2025
Decided On : 13-06-2025


Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr. T.P. Manoharan, Senior Counsel for Mr. T.M. Naveen

The court can strike off a plaint as an abuse of process when it constitutes re-litigation of previously settled matters, thereby preventing unnecessary litigation.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 227 - Civil Revision Petition to strike off plaint as abuse of process of law - Previous decisions affirmed the revision petitioner's possession of the property while the present suit, aiming for permanent injunction, was deemed a vexatious re-litigation - The 1st respondent has no cause of action against the 2nd respondent, thus the plaint is struck off. (Paras 1, 3, 30)

(B) Re-litigation - Courts have the power to dismiss suits that are attempts to re-litigate prior issues settled by competent authority, and can strike off plaints to prevent abuse of judicial process. (Paras 19, 20)

(C) Judicial discretion - Courts must exercise superintending powers judiciously to prevent unnecessary litigation and harassment to parties who have already prevailed in earlier proceedings. (Paras 25, 28)

Facts of the case:
The revision petitioner is an older individual facing multiple litigations regarding property possession. The present suit was initiated by the 1st respondent, who claimed tenancy rights against the revision petitioner, despite previous findings that established the revision petitioner's rights to the property.

Findings of Court:
The plaint was found to be frivolous, lacking cause of action, and a clear attempt to abuse the judicial process.

Issues: Whether the new suit filed by the 1st respondent constitutes re-litigation and whether the plaint should be struck off.

Ratio Decidendi: The court confirmed that previous decisions maintained the revision petitioner's possession, thus the present suit was labeled an abuse of process and merited dismissal under Article 227.

Result: Civil Revision Petition is allowed; plaint struck off.

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - The court struck off the plaint in O.S.No.202 of 2024 as an abuse of process and re-litigation, under Article 227 (referenced as the supervisory power to prevent abuse) (!) . - Prior judgments (O.S.205 of 2001, A.S.No.22 of 2011, and S.A.No.274 of 2021) established the revision petitioner’s possession; the present suit was deemed a vexatious re-litigation by the 2nd respondent’s collusive setup (!) (!) (!) . - The plaint was found to be a clear attempt to relitigate and abuse judicial process, lacking a valid cause of action against the 2nd respondent; the 1st respondent cannot claim independent rights beyond the 2nd respondent’s status (!) (!) (!) . - The court cited and applied precedents (N. Babu, Surya Devi Rai, KK Modi, Ranipet Municipality, N.A. Chinnasamy) to justify using Article 227 to strike down a vexatious, collusive re-litigation (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) . - The order explicitly states there shall be no order as to costs and that connected CMP is closed; the revision petition is allowed and the plaint is struck off (!) .

How to strike off a plaint as abuse of process under Article 227 of the Constitution of India in a re-litigation scenario?

What is the standard for determining re-litigation and abuse of process in a suit where prior judgments established possession?

What are the consequences of striking off the plaint in a civil revision petition under Article 227?


Table of Content
1. introduction of the petition and service status. (Para 1 , 2)
2. claim of abuse of process and relitigation. (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
3. background of the main suit and property histories. (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 11)
4. observations on the lack of a valid cause of action. (Para 10 , 12 , 18)
5. court's authority to strike off plaint for relitigation. (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23)
6. assessment of the abuse of the court by relitigation. (Para 24 , 25 , 26)
7. conclusion and order to strike off plaint. (Para 27 , 28 , 29 , 30)

ORDER :

P.B. Balaji, J.

This Civil Revision Petition has been filed under Article 227 of Constitution of India seeking to strike off the plaint in O.S.No.202 of 2024 on the file of the Sub-Court, Sirkali, and also for imposing exemplary costs on the respondents.

2. I have heard Mr.T.P.Manoharan, learned Senior Counsel for Mr.T.M.Naveen, learned counsel for the revision petitioner. The respondents, despite service of notices in the revision petition, have not chosen to appear either in person or through any counsel. I have gone through the records produced before me by way of typed set of papers.

3. Mr.T.P.Manoharan, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the learned counsel on record for the petitioner would contend that the suit is an abuse of process of law and a clear attempt in re-litigation. He would invite my attention to the earlier civil proceedings which commenced in the year 2008 and came to attain finality before this Court on 20.12.2023 in S.A.No.274 of 2021. The learned Senior Counsel would further submit that the 2nd respondent was party to the earlier proceedings upto this Court and in order to hoodwink the Court and get over adverse concurrent verdicts, the 2nd respondent has joined hands with the 1st respondent and initiated a suit in O.S.No.202 of 2024 before the Sub-Court, Sirkali. The learned Senior Counsel would also bring to my notice the orders passed by this Court in Cont.P.No.2454 of 2024, where this Court gave protection to the petitioner's possession of the suit property. The learned Senior Counsel would further submit that the all earlier judgments and decrees ended in favour of the revision petitioner and the 1st respondent is only a puppet at the hands of the 2nd respondent and the suit is not only a clear abuse but also vexatious, collusive and liable to be struck off.

4. The learned Senior Counsel would further submit that the revision petitioner, who is aged 80 years, is suffering from various physical ailments and the present suit filed by the 1st respondent arraying the revision petitioner as the 1st defendant and the 2nd respondent as the 2nd defendant has caused further mental agony to the revision petitioner. To add salt to injury, despite having filed the suit, it is only the revision petitioner who has been diligently appearing before this Court and the 2nd respondent has chosen to remain ex-parte and neither the 1st respondent who is the plaintiff in the suit nor his counsel have been appearing before the Trial Court.

5. The learned Senior Counsel would place reliance on the following decisions:

1. N.Babu Vs. S.Shanmugam ( 2013 (1) CTC 180 ).

2.Surya Devi Rai Vs. Ram Chander Rai & Others ( (2003) 6 SCC 675 ).

3.Ranipet Municipality Rep. by its Corner & Special Officer, Ranipet Vs.M.Shamsheerkan ( 1998 (1) CTC 66 ).

4.N.A.Chinnasamy & Another Vs. S.Vellingirinathan ( 2013 (6) CTC 809 ).

6. I have carefully considered the submissions advanced by the learned Senior Counsel, Mr.T.P.Manoharan. I have also gone through the judgments that have been relied on by the learned Senior Counsel in support of his contentions.

7. O.S.No.202 of 2024 has been filed by the 1st respondent, seeking the relief of permanent injunction to restrain the 1st defendant from interfering with the plaintiff's peaceful possession and enjoyment of the suit property, except by due process of law. Even at the outset, it is to be noted that no relief is sought for against the 2nd respondent, who has been arrayed as

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