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2025 Supreme(Mad) 5186

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
S.M.SUBRAMANIAM, K.RAJASEKAR, JJ.
The Tahsildar, Sankarapuram, Kallakurichi District - Appellant 
Vs.
Mr.T.Elumalai - Respondent 
W.A.No.1014 of 2025 and C.M.P.Nos.8262 & 9555 of 2025
Decided On : 03-06-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr.R.Ramanlaal Additional Advocate General Assisted by Mr.T.Arun Kumar Additional Government Pleader
For the Respondent: Mr.M.Ganesan, Mr.S.Swami Subramaniam Standing Counsel For TANGEDCO

Occupation of natham land does not confer ownership; claims based on forged documents are invalid under government regulations.

Headnote:(A) Revenue Standing Orders - RSO 21 - Tamil Nadu Land Encroachment Act, 1905 - Occupation of natham land without lawful authority does not confer ownership; entitlement for patta to be assessed based on eligibility criteria prescribed in RSO 21. (Paras 22, 34, 70)

(B) Fraudulent Documents - Usage of forged documents to claim rights over natham lands undermines public interest and justifies rejection of claims. (Paras 16, 70)

Facts of the case:
The first respondent sought patta for government poromboke vacant natham land but had previous claims and land ownership, which invalidated the application. The application was rejected based on fraudulently produced documents. (Paras 3, 4, 70)

Findings of Court:
The claims of the first respondent for patta were based on fraudulent and fabricated documents, invalidating his entitlement. (Para 70)

Issues: The core issues involved whether mere occupation of natham land confers ownership without government grant, and the illegitimacy of claims based on forged documents. (Paras 21, 70)

Ratio Decidendi: Mere occupation does not equate to ownership; regulatory authority of the government over natham lands must be upheld to prevent misuse. (Paras 22, 34, 70)

Result: The writ order dated 12.09.2024 is set aside; the appeal is allowed.

Table of Content
1. background of the case regarding land dispute (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
2. arguments regarding the entitlement and validity of land ownership (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 20)
3. legal status of natham lands and government regulation (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40)
4. judicial interpretations of natham land ownership and government rights (Para 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72)
5. conclusion on the writ order and appeal outcome (Para 73 , 74)

JUDGMENT :

S.M.SUBRAMANIAM, J.

Under assail is the order dated 12.09.2024 passed in W.P.No.33767 of 2022. The appellant before this Court is the 3rd respondent in the writ petition.

2. The 1st respondent, Mr.T.Elumalai instituted the writ proceedings in W.P.No.33767 of 2022, seeking an electricity service connection for the disputed subject property from the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. The respondents 2 and 3 representing the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board, called for information from the appellant/Tahsildar, about the subject land in question.

3. In response, the appellant informed that the land in question is classified as “Government Poromboke Vacant Natham”. Relying on the report of the appellant, the respondents 2 and 3 rejected the application submitted by the 1st respondent seeking electricity service connection. Consequently, the 1st respondent filed the writ petition challenging the order of rejection.

4. The learned Single Judge impleaded the appellant as the 3rd respondent in the writ petition and consequently issued a direction to grant patta in favour of the 1st respondent vide order dated 30.06.2023. On examining the documents submitted by the 1st respondent, the appellant found them to be forged and fabricated. A report was submitted to the District Collector, Kallakurichi, who in turn passed an order vide proceedings dated 09.10.2023, refusing to issue patta in favour of the 1st respondent.

5. The appellant preferred an appeal in W.A.No.533 of 2024 to set aside the order dated 30.06.2023 passed in W.P.No.33767 of 2022, mainly on the ground that no opportunity was given by the Writ Court to the appellant/Tahsildar before issuing a direction to grant patta in favour of the 1st respondent. The Division Bench of this Court set aside the writ order impugned and remitted the matter back to the learned Single Judge for fresh consideration.

6. The learned Single Judge re-considered the writ petition in pursuance of the directions issued by the Division Bench and allowed the writ petition by issuing a direction to the appellant/Tahsildar to issue patta in favour of the 1st respondent within a period of four weeks. The Court also directed the respondents 2 and 3 herein to entertain the application seeking electricity service connection and provide the same. Additionally, a direction was issued to the District Collector to initiate action against the Revenue Officials, who have failed to issue patta without following the provisions of the Revenue Standing Orders (RSO).

7. The Writ Court further observed that if the land is required for public purposes, it may be acquired by following the due process of law. Aggrieved by the said writ order impugned, the present Intra-Court appeal came to be instituted.

8. Mr.R.Ramanlaal, the learned Additional Advocate General appearing on behalf of the appellant would mainly contend that the land in question is classified as Government Poromboke Vacant Natham [hereinafter referred to as 'Natham']. The 1st respondent is not entitled to patta for Natham land because he already possesses 5 acres of land in Survey Nos.140/10A, 140/12, 30/1A, 30/4, 29/4 and 140/10B, with patta standing in the name of the 1st respondent in Patta Nos.458 and 451 respectively. Additionally, the 1st respondent further possesses a house buil

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