IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
N. Sathish Kumar, R. Sakthivel, JJ.
T.Shanmugasundaram - Appellant
Versus
Smt.Palaniammal - Respondent
A.S.No.747 of 2018
Decided On : 19-01-2026
| Table of Content |
|---|
| 1. ownership and familial relationships regarding the property. (Para 1 , 3) |
| 2. assertions by the first defendant regarding the validity of the will. (Para 4) |
| 3. arguments about the genuineness and circumstances of the will. (Para 9 , 10 , 11) |
| 4. court's analysis on evidence and doubts surrounding the will. (Para 14 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 19) |
| 5. suspicious circumstances regarding the execution of the will. (Para 20 , 21 , 22) |
| 6. court's conclusions on the validity of the will. (Para 23 , 24) |
| 7. final decision on the partition and dismissal of the appeal. (Para 25) |
JUDGMENT :
N. SATHISH KUMAR, J.
Aggrieved over the judgment and decree of the trial Court granting preliminary decree for partition and allotting 1/4th share each to three plaintiffs and the first defendant, the present appeal came to be filed by the first defendant.
2. The parties are referred to by their respective ranks before the trial Court.
3. The suit properties originally belonged to one Thangaraj. First plaintiff is the wife and second and third plaintiffs are son and daughter respectively. The first defendant is the younger son of said Thangaraj. Second defendant is the wife of the first defendant. The suit properties are the self-acquired properties of Thangaraj. The said Thangaraj was running a sole proprietary concern in Item No.1 by name “TRS Enterprises” and he carried on the said business until his life time. Though the second plaintiff was associated with the business of his father, from the year 1999, he had his own business and was residing separately with his family since 2003. The said Thangaraj and his wife, namely the first plaintiff, were living in Item No.1 of the suit property. The third plaintiff is the only daughter of deceased Thangaraj. It is the case of the plaintiffs that the first defendant developed contact and intimacy with the second defendant, who belongs to Muslim community and ultimately married her without the knowledge of his parents and other family members and was residing separately. According to the plaintiffs, taking advantage of the sympathetic attitude of his mother, the first defendant began to reside in item No.1 of the property along with his parents. It is the case of the plaintiffs that after the death of deceased Thangaraj intestate, the properties devolved on the plaintiffs and the first defendant in equal shares. After the 16th day ceremony of said Thangaraj, the first defendant showed a xerox copy of a Will dated 07.02.2011 said to have been executed by the deceased Thangaraj and proclaimed that his father has bequeathed all the properties to him. According to the plaintiffs, the said Will is a fabricated and concocted one and brought out by the first defendant incorporating the recitals to suit his own convenience in connivance with his allies. There was no reason for the deceased Thangaraj to disinherit his wife, who is a heart patient, his elder son, who is a blood cancer patient and his daughter and recitals in the alleged Will by themselves throw a lot of doubt about its genuineness and veracity of the same. The recitals in the alleged Will shows as if provisions made in the Will for Plaintiffs 1 and 3, but they are in an unrealistic and unworkable manner. The alleged Will was an unregistered document and does not even contain a clause for revocation, which is the basic characteristic of a Will. The description of properties in the Will particularly the Item No.2 of the property is incorrect and even during his life time, the deceased Thangaraj had executed a gift deed in favour of Panchayat transferring 89 square meters of land, but the alleged Will mentions the total extent of 8.33 acres as an item of bequest. That itself shows that the Will is a created one. Disputing the alleged Will, the plaintiffs have filed a suit claiming a share in the suit properties.
4.The suit was resisted by the first defendant by filing a written statement containing the allegations which are in brief, as follows:
(i) The allega

Shivakumar and Others Vs. Sharanabasappa and Others
The court reaffirmed that a will must be proven free of suspicious circumstances, particularly when it excludes dependents with known health issues, rendering the presented will invalid.
The burden of proof for the genuineness of a will lies with the propounder, and a will may still be valid even if it lacks a signature on every page, provided it meets statutory requirements.
Proof of execution of Will – Mere registration of Will would not attach to it stamp of validity and it must still be proved in terms of legal mandates under provisions of Section 63 of Succession Act....
The court emphasized that the burden of proof lies on the propounder of a Will, especially when suspicious circumstances exist, necessitating clear evidence of its validity.
A registered Will has presumptive validity unless evidence demonstrates its invalidity, and execution shortly before death does not necessarily indicate suspicious circumstances.
The mere presence of the beneficiary at the time of the execution of the Will, by itself, would not be a factor to hold that the Will in question is shrouded with suspicious circumstances and the fir....
Secondary evidence – Neither mere admission of a document in evidence amounts to its proof nor mere making of an exhibit of a document dispense with its proof, which is otherwise required to be done ....
The propounder of a Will must prove its execution and attestation in accordance with law, and any suspicious circumstances surrounding the Will must be dispelled for it to be considered valid.
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