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2026 Supreme(Mad) 643

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
N. Sathish Kumar, R. Sakthivel, JJ.
T.Shanmugasundaram - Appellant
Versus
Smt.Palaniammal - Respondent
A.S.No.747 of 2018
Decided On : 19-01-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr.N.Manokaran for Mr.P.Chandrasekar
For the Respondent: Mr.S.Mukunth Senior counsel, of M/s.Sarvabhauman Associates, Mrs. V.Rajeswari

The court reaffirmed that a will must be proven free of suspicious circumstances, particularly when it excludes dependents with known health issues, rendering the presented will invalid.

Headnote:(A) Indian Succession Act, 1925 - Section 63 - Dispute over validity of a will and partition of property - The trial court granted a preliminary decree for partition, ruling that the will presented by the first defendant lacks genuineness and is a fabricated document due to surrounding suspicious circumstances and the absence of provisions for the testator's family members. (Paras 3, 8, 20-25)

(B) Evidence - Standards for proving wills - The propounder of a will must dispel any suspicious circumstances surrounding its execution. Evidence must show that the testator was of sound mind and understood the implications of the will. (Paras 22.1-24)

(C) Family Law - Relevance of familial relationships - The exclusion of a testator's spouse and children from a will raises significant concerns regarding its authenticity, particularly when family members are suffering grave health issues. (Paras 11-24)

Facts of the case:
The appeal was filed against a preliminary decree for partition ordered by the trial court, referencing an alleged will by the deceased testator that purportedly favored only one son, amidst claims of familial neglect and health-related issues among other heirs.

Findings of Court:
The court found the presented will to be a product of fabrication, lacking essential documentation and testimonies to fortify the claims of its validity, thus upholding the trial court's decision for partition among the heirs.

Issues: Whether the unregistered will dated 07.02.2011 is genuine, and whether the plaintiffs are entitled to partition of the properties.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that the will's execution was fraught with suspicious circumstances, particularly due to the testator's neglect of the needs of his family, substantiating the trial court's decision to disregard the will.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. ownership and familial relationships regarding the property. (Para 1 , 3)
2. assertions by the first defendant regarding the validity of the will. (Para 4)
3. arguments about the genuineness and circumstances of the will. (Para 9 , 10 , 11)
4. court's analysis on evidence and doubts surrounding the will. (Para 14 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 19)
5. suspicious circumstances regarding the execution of the will. (Para 20 , 21 , 22)
6. court's conclusions on the validity of the will. (Para 23 , 24)
7. final decision on the partition and dismissal of the appeal. (Para 25)

JUDGMENT :

N. SATHISH KUMAR, J.

Aggrieved over the judgment and decree of the trial Court granting preliminary decree for partition and allotting 1/4th share each to three plaintiffs and the first defendant, the present appeal came to be filed by the first defendant.

2. The parties are referred to by their respective ranks before the trial Court.

3. The suit properties originally belonged to one Thangaraj. First plaintiff is the wife and second and third plaintiffs are son and daughter respectively. The first defendant is the younger son of said Thangaraj. Second defendant is the wife of the first defendant. The suit properties are the self-acquired properties of Thangaraj. The said Thangaraj was running a sole proprietary concern in Item No.1 by name “TRS Enterprises” and he carried on the said business until his life time. Though the second plaintiff was associated with the business of his father, from the year 1999, he had his own business and was residing separately with his family since 2003. The said Thangaraj and his wife, namely the first plaintiff, were living in Item No.1 of the suit property. The third plaintiff is the only daughter of deceased Thangaraj. It is the case of the plaintiffs that the first defendant developed contact and intimacy with the second defendant, who belongs to Muslim community and ultimately married her without the knowledge of his parents and other family members and was residing separately. According to the plaintiffs, taking advantage of the sympathetic attitude of his mother, the first defendant began to reside in item No.1 of the property along with his parents. It is the case of the plaintiffs that after the death of deceased Thangaraj intestate, the properties devolved on the plaintiffs and the first defendant in equal shares. After the 16th day ceremony of said Thangaraj, the first defendant showed a xerox copy of a Will dated 07.02.2011 said to have been executed by the deceased Thangaraj and proclaimed that his father has bequeathed all the properties to him. According to the plaintiffs, the said Will is a fabricated and concocted one and brought out by the first defendant incorporating the recitals to suit his own convenience in connivance with his allies. There was no reason for the deceased Thangaraj to disinherit his wife, who is a heart patient, his elder son, who is a blood cancer patient and his daughter and recitals in the alleged Will by themselves throw a lot of doubt about its genuineness and veracity of the same. The recitals in the alleged Will shows as if provisions made in the Will for Plaintiffs 1 and 3, but they are in an unrealistic and unworkable manner. The alleged Will was an unregistered document and does not even contain a clause for revocation, which is the basic characteristic of a Will. The description of properties in the Will particularly the Item No.2 of the property is incorrect and even during his life time, the deceased Thangaraj had executed a gift deed in favour of Panchayat transferring 89 square meters of land, but the alleged Will mentions the total extent of 8.33 acres as an item of bequest. That itself shows that the Will is a created one. Disputing the alleged Will, the plaintiffs have filed a suit claiming a share in the suit properties.

4.The suit was resisted by the first defendant by filing a written statement containing the allegations which are in brief, as follows:

(i) The allega

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