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2026 Supreme(Mad) 708

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
P. DHANABAL, J.
Indirani, W/o. P.Subramani - Appellants
Versus 
Chandra, W/o. M.Shanmugam - Respondents 
SA No. 577 of 2015 and M.P. No.1 of 2015
Decided On : 21-01-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants : Mr. Avinash Wadhwani
For the Respondents: M/s.D. Sathya for Zeenath Begum

The validity of a Will must be established beyond reasonable doubt; suspicion surrounding its execution requires thorough evaluation and cannot be dismissed lightly.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Section 100 - Second Appeal - Concurrent findings of the trial Court and First Appellate Court were affirmed, regarding the validity of the Will and the rightful ownership of the Suit property. The Courts found that the Will was surrounded by suspicious circumstances and had not been proved satisfactorily, leading to the conclusion that the Plaintiff was the sole legal heir entitled to the property. (Paras 5, 13, 15, 17)

(B) Wills - Suspicious Circumstances - The trial Court and First Appellate Court noted the suspicious circumstances surrounding the execution of the Will, particularly the health condition of the Testator at the time of execution. The findings were based on evidence and were not mere presumptions. (Paras 14, 15, 16)

Facts of the case:
The Plaintiff is the sister of Subramanian, who died leaving behind certain properties. The Defendants claimed the properties through a Will executed by Subramanian, which the Plaintiff disputed as not being valid due to suspicious circumstances.

Findings of Court:
Both Courts found that the Defendants failed to dispel the suspicious circumstances surrounding the Will's execution, leading to concurrent findings against the validity of the Will and in favor of the Plaintiff's claim to inherit the properties.

Issues: The primary issues addressed were the validity of the Will, the legal status of the Plaintiff as the sole heir, and the permissibility of the Suit without impleading Will beneficiaries.

Ratio Decidendi: The courts held that the Will lacked sufficient proof and was surrounded by suspicious circumstances, concluding that the Plaintiff's claim was valid as the legal heir of Subramanian.

Result: The Second Appeal is dismissed.

Table of Content
1. the legitimacy of the plaintiff's claim to the suit property based on familial ties and inheritance. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. the essential criteria for establishing and verifying the authenticity of a will. (Para 4 , 6 , 8 , 14)
3. the need to adjudicate claims about property rights and legal inheritance under clear evidence. (Para 5 , 7 , 15)
4. the roles of parties and validity issues pertaining to wills in property inheritance disputes. (Para 9 , 10 , 11)
5. the conclusion of the judgment emphasizing the dismissal of claims based on disputed wills. (Para 18 , 19)

JUDGMENT :

P. DHANABAL, J.

This Second Appeal has been preferred as against the decree and judgment passed by the First Additional District Court, Salem in A.S. No.5 of 2011 dated 11.06.2014, wherein the First respondent filed the Suit for declaration declaring that the Suit properties absolutely belong to the Plaintiff and for granting permanent injunction restraining the defendants from interfering in the possession of the Plaintiff over the Suit properties. The Suit was decreed. Aggrieved by the said decree and judgment, the legal heirs of the defendants have preferred an appeal in A.S. No.5 of 2011 on the file of First Additional District Judge, Salem on various grounds and the said appeal was also dismissed by confirming the decree and judgment passed by the trial Court. Aggrieved by the said decree and judgment, the present second appeal has been filed by the appeal.

2. The brief facts of case of the Plaintiff are as follows:

The Suit property originally belonged to one Subramanian, who is the brother of the Plaintiff. The defendant is the maternal uncle of the Plaintiff. The Plaintiff’s mother Krishnammal and his brother Subramanian were residing in the residence of the defendant. The said Subramanian was working in the Electricty Board, Mettur Thermal Power Station. During 1996, the said Subramanian was attacked with paralysis and he died on 17.04.1997 as a bachelor. Thereafter, the Plaintiff maintained her mother Krishnammal till her death. At the time of death of the said Subramanian, the defendant and his men took the original documents of the said property and refused to return the same to the Plaintiff and also promised to return the same, whenever it requires by the Plaintiff. Even after the death of the Plaintiff’s mother, the defendant refused to handover the documents. In spite of repeated efforts taken by the Plaintiff to get the original documents, the defendant has not co-operated for the same. Now, the defendant is trying to sell the property. The Plaintiff is the only legal heir of the said deceased Subramanian and he is the original owner of the Suit property. While so, the defendant tried to sell the property, thereby the Plaintiff filed the Suit for declaration and permanent injunction.

3. The brief averments of the Written statement filed by the defendant are as follows:-

The relationship between the parties is admitted. The said Subramanian was taking treatment under various Doctors. After surgery, he got severe pain in the back and he went to Manipal for taking treatment and surgery was done and after returning from Manipal, he went to the Plaintiff’s house at Thammampatty. The said Subramanian shifted to field house of the defendant and the son of the defendant namely Cheran, helped to the said Subramanian. While so, he died on 17.04.1997. The defendant is the brother of Krishnammal and the Plaintiff did not maintain his mother. The said Subramanian purchased the property and all the original documents were with him. Neither the Plaintiff nor Krishnammal approached the defendant for original documents. The said Subramanian while in sound disposing state of mind, executed a registered Will dated 10.02.1997 bequeathing the property in favour of the defendant and another Subramani and others. The Plaintiff’s mother Krishnammal also executed a registered Will in respect of the property, while she was in sound state of mind. After death

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