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2026 Supreme(Mad) 2171

BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT
G.R. SWAMINATHAN, R. KALAIMATHI, JJ.
Rajasundari – Appellant
Versus
J.B.J. Vilvarayar S/o Ponnusamy Vilvarayar – Respondent
A.S. (MD) Nos. 71, 79, 80 of 2022, C.M.P. (MD) No. 2833 of 2022
Decided On : 19-02-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : T.K. Gopalan
For the Respondents: G. Rajagopalan, L.P. Maurya

Unregistered and registered societies with similar names are distinct absent proof of property vesting; extraterritorial registration of sale by office-bearer to family raises fraud presumption, invalidating transaction.

Headnote:(A) Societies Registration Act, 1860 - Sections 14, 15, 16, 18 - Registration Act - Section 28 - Code of Civil Procedure - Order I Rule 8 - Property disputes involving unregistered and registered societies - Suit property purchased in 1935-1936 by pastors for welfare of community under unregistered society - Subsequent registration of similar-named society in 1974 - Sale deed executed in 1985 by secretary of registered society in favour of his wife, registered outside jurisdiction in neighbouring state - Held, sale invalid as unregistered society and registered society distinct; no proof of property vesting in registered society post-registration; execution outside local sub-registrar office raises presumption of fraud to conceal transaction; caution notice by registered society acknowledging separate unregistered entity. (Paras 46-48, 67-68)

(B) Evidence Act - Section 101 - Burden of proof - Defendants claiming vesting of unregistered society's property in registered society failed to produce registration documents, member registers, accounts, or resolutions showing transfer; minutes book of unregistered society showed independent functioning; absence of debt details or creditor evidence vitiates sale for debt discharge claim. (Paras 55, 59, 65)

(C) Limitation Act - Adverse possession plea rejected for lack of continuous possession to true owner's knowledge; revenue documents do not confer title where root document invalid. (Para 74)

Facts of the case:
Multiple consolidated suits over 2.73 acres property claimed by unregistered society for community welfare against purchasers from registered society's alleged 1985 sale to wife of long-term office-bearer; injunction suits by such purchasers dismissed; title declaration suit decreed for unregistered society with mandatory injunction to remove constructions and recover possession.

Findings of Court:
Unregistered society holds title via 1935-1936 deeds; 1985 sale and subsequent transfers invalid; distinct societies confirmed; defendants' impleadment petitions rejected.

Issues: Whether unregistered and registered societies identical with property vesting; validity of 1985 sale registered extraterritorially; entitlement to title declaration, injunctions, and possession recovery.

Ratio Decidendi: Distinction between societies proved by caution notice, independent minutes, lack of vesting evidence; fraudulent intent inferred from registration venue, familial self-dealing without debt proof; representative suit maintainable under Order I Rule 8.

Result: Appeals dismissed; trial court decree confirmed.

Table of Content
1. details of consolidated appeals and trial suits. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. plaintiffs claim title via 1935-36 purchases for community. (Para 7)
3. defendants assert valid 1985 sale from registered society. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13)
4. injunction suits by alleged purchasers from lourdammal. (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21)
5. trial evidence, findings, and decree outcomes summarized. (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28)
6. appeal arguments and framed issues on title and injunction. (Para 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34)
7. unregistered vs registered society distinction analyzed. (Para 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48)
8. minutes book evidences unregistered society operations. (Para 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57)
9. no vesting of unregistered properties to registered society. (Para 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66)
10. 1985 sale deed invalid; title remains with unregistered society. (Para 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75)
11. third-party claims rejected due to invalid root title. (Para 76 , 77 , 78)
12. appeals dismissed; trial decree confirmed. (Para 79)

JUDGMENT :

R. KALAIMATHI, J.

1. A.S(MD)No.71 of 2022 has been preferred by the 13 defendants out of 46 defendants (Rajasundari and 12 others) against the Judgment and Decree dated 28.01.2022 passed in O.S. No.50 of 2008 on the file of the IV Additional District Court, Tirunelveli.

2. A.S(MD)No.79 of 2022 has been preferred by the plaintiffs 1 and 2 against the Judgment and Decree dated 28.01.2022 passed in O.S.No.108 of 2008 on the file of the IV Additional District Court, Tirunelveli.

3. A.S(MD)No.80 of 2022 is preferred by the plaintiffs against the Judgment and Decree dated 28.01.2022 passed in O.S.No.109 of 2008 on the file of the IV Additional District Court, Tirunelveli.

4. There are as many as five suits were tried together. Out of which, four suits were transferred from the District Munsif Court, Valliyoor and tried together. Common evidence was recorded in O.S.No. 50 of 2008 and the impugned judgment was pronounced by the trial Court.

5. At the first instance, two suits were filed before the Principal District Munsif Court, Valliyoor in O.S.No.1363 of 1988 and in O.S.No. 1365 of 1988 for permanent injunction thereby to restrain the defendants, their men and agents from in anyway interfering with the peaceful possession and enjoyment of the plaintiffs, the details of which, are as follows:

 O.S.No.1363 of 1988 was filed by Leela and Vanaja who are the purchasers of the property. O.S.No.1365 of 1988 was filed by Lurthuammal, who is the purchaser from the registered Society, Singikulam Bharathakula Ikkia Sandhai Sangam (herein after referred to SBIS Sangam). Both the suits were taken on file by the Trial Court in O.S.No.108 of 2008 and 109 of 2008;

 O.S.No.439 of 1994 was filed before the District Munsif Court, Valliyoor for the relief of declaration that the first schedule of property belongs to the Bharatha Kula People and for mandatory injunction to remove the constructions made in 2nd and 3rd schedule property by defendants 2, 4, 5 as well as by 6th defendant through 31st defendant;

 The said suit is transferred to the Trial Court and taken on file in O.S.No.50 of 2008;

 O.S.No.1363 of 1988 and O.S.No.1365 of 1988 were originally dismissed by the Principal District Munsif Court, Valliyoor on 28.02.1994. On appeal before the Principal Sub Court, Tirunelveli, the Principal Sub Judge, Tirunelveli, remanded both the suits by Judgment in A.S.No.33 of 1994 dated 17.07.1996 with a direction to try these suits along with O.S.No.439 of 1994 filed for the relief of declaration of title and permanent injunction by the Bharatha Kula Community People;

 The plaint in O.S.No.439 of 1994 was returned and presented before the Principal District Court, Tirunelveli on 19.03.2008 as per Order passed by this Court in CRP(PD)No.2322/2003 dated 07.03.2008. O.S.No.439 of 1994 was taken on file by the

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