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2023 Supreme(P&H) 2225

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
SURESHWAR THAKUR, KULDEEP TIWARI, JJ.
Sukhbir & Ors. – Petitioners
Versus
The Commissioner, Rohtak Division & Ors. – Respondents
CWP NO. 13691 of 2017 (O&M)
Decided On : 26-04-2023

Advocates Appeared:
Ms. Ritu Pathak, Advocate; For the Petitioners
For the Respondents: Mr. Raman Sharma, Addl. A.G., Haryana.
Mr. Vikas Mohan Gupta, Advocate for Respondents No. 4 to 9.
None for Respondent No. 10

Headnote:(A) Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) Act, 1961 - Section 7 - Writ Petition - Eviction orders by statutory authorities challenged for lack of objective determination of title over khasra numbers claimed by petitioners. The Assistant Collector failed to make an objective examination and determination of the title assertions, leading to flawed eviction orders. (Paras 4, 10, 11)

(B) Jurisdiction - A statutory authority must objectively evaluate claims and ensure compliance with due process in adjudicating disputes related to land titles. Failure to adhere to this can result in grave injustices against parties claiming rights over such lands. (Paras 10, 11)

Facts of the case:
Petitioners challenged eviction orders made without determining the title of khasra numbers allegedly encroached upon. Assertions of title made by petitioners were not evaluated properly by initial authorities, leading to concurrent adverse decisions against them.

Findings of Court:
The court found that the authorities below failed to properly adjudicate the assertion of title, causing injustice. The case was remanded for proper adjudication under the provisions of the Act.

Issues: The primary issues were whether the authorities correctly adjudicated the title assertion of the land and the adequacy of due process followed in making eviction orders.

Ratio Decidendi: The court reiterated that without an objective examination of title claims under Section 7 of the PVCL Act, eviction orders are flawed and must be remanded for proper evaluation.

Result: Writ petition allowed and case remanded for a proper determination of title.

Table of Content
1. factual background of land dispute. (Para 1 , 2)
2. assessment of title and eviction orders. (Para 3 , 4)
3. procedural flaws in adjudication. (Para 5 , 6 , 7)
4. need for proper decision-making. (Para 8 , 9)
5. court's directive for remand. (Para 10 , 11)
6. disposition of pending applications. (Para 12 , 13)

JUDGMENT

Sureshwar Thakur, J.

Factual Background.

Hari and others instituted on 09.05.2008 case No. 14/SDO before the Assistant Collector concerned. In the said case, Sukhbir Singh and others, petitioners herein, became impleaded as respondents therein. The said case was filed under the provisions of Section 7 of the Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) Act 1961, (As applicable to the State of Haryana) hereinafter for short called 'the PVCL Act' and there-ins a relief was claimed for the making of an order of eviction, against the impleaded therein respondents.

2. In the said petition, it was averred that the Gram Panchayat, Pehladpur, was the owner of plot/Khasra No. 3864, 3831 and 3829. Furthermore, it was also averred that in the revenue records, a reflection occurs qua, on khasra No. 3864, a Gora Deh exists, qua on khasra No. 3829, an entry of sare aam rasta exists, whereas, in the revenue records appertaining to khasra no.3831, the same is entered/shown as shamlat deh. The respondents therein are averred to make encroachments, upon, the said khasra numbers, and, the said encroachments, as made on the khasra numbers (supra), by the respondents therein, was averred to be made through construction of boundary walls rather skirting the said khasra numbers.

3. As apparent on a reading of the order, as enclosed in Annexure P-4, the respondents in the misl (supra), raised a dispute in respect of title qua the above khasra numbers, vesting in the panchayat concerned, besides obviously asserted title over the said khasra numbers. However, it appears, on a reading of the apposite decision, as made on 28.12.2012, that the said raised assertion by the respondents qua theirs holding title to the khasra numbers (supra), did not result, in the Assistant Collector concerned, to, in terms of Section 7 of 'the PVCL Act', provisions whereof are extracted hereinafter, thus making a decision (Annexure P-4), whether as a matter of fact, the said assertion of title to the said khasra numbers (supra), was a genuinely raised assertion, nor, also obviously he made an objective speaking decision in respect of the said assertion. Moreover, obviously he did not also, on discerning the said assertion to be truthful, but on his making an incisive examination(s) of the records, deem it fit to refer the said question of title, thus, for its determination being made rather by the competent statutory adjudicatory authority concerned.

    Powers to put panchayats in possession of certain lands-

    [7. (1) An Assistant Collector of the first grade having jurisdiction in the village may, either suo motu or on an application made to him by panchayat or an inhabitant of the village or the Block Development and Panchayat Officer or Social Education and Panchayat Officer, or any other Officer authorised by the Block Development and Panchayat Officer, after making such summary enquiry as he may deem fit and in accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed, eject any person who is in wrongful or unauthorised possession of the land or other immovable property in the shamilat deh of that village which vests or is deemed to have been vested in the panchayat under this Act and Put the panchayat in possession thereof and for so doing the Assistant Collector of the first grade may exercise the powers of a revenue court in relation to the execution of a decree for possession of land under the Punjab Tenancy Act, 1887 :

    Provided that if in any such proceedings the question of title is raised and proved prima facie on the basis of documents that the question of title is really involved, the Assistant Collector of the first grade shall record a finding

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