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2023 Supreme(P&H) 3380

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
MANISHA BATRA, J.
Sampuran Singh (Since Deceased) Through His Legal Representatives & Anr. – Appellants
Versus
Bachni – Respondent
RSA-2301 of 1991
Decided On : 29-03-2023

Advocates Appeared:
Ms. Harveen Kaur, Advocate; For the Appellant
Mr. Jaskirat Singh Arora, Advocate; For the Respondent

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Sections 96 and 100 - Suit for declaration regarding ownership of agricultural land - Plaintiff's appeal granted on grounds of proving inheritance rights based on family settlement and will, while defendant's claims under kareva marriage were established but did not prevail - Court affirmed findings that disputed will was not valid due to lack of proper execution and registration. (Paras 3, 10, 16, 18)

(B) Family Settlements and Wills - Essential for a will to be proved according to provisions of Indian Succession Act and to show that it was executed voluntarily and with clear intention - Courts rejected claims of ownership based on unregistered documents and insufficient evidence supporting the allegations of fraud against the will’s validity. (Paras 17, 18)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiffs claimed to be heirs of a deceased property owner, asserting rights over inherited agricultural land based on a family settlement and a will. The defendant claimed rights as a wife through a kareva marriage but faced challenges regarding the validity of her claims.

Findings of Court:
The appellate court upheld prior dismissals of the plaintiffs' suit, reaffirming the legality of the defendant's claims due to established cohabitation but ruling against the plaintiffs' documentary evidence as insufficient.

Issues: The key issues addressed included the legitimacy of the kareva marriage, the validity of the will executed by the deceased, and the legitimacy of the claimed family settlement.

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized that for marital claims to be recognized, strong evidence is required, while unregistered devices do not confer rights over immovable property—foundational elements in concluding the appellants lacked the evidence to validate their assertions of rightful inheritance.

Result: Appeal dismissed with no order as to costs.

Table of Content
1. appeal process overview and party identification. (Para 1 , 2)
2. details of property claims and familial relationships. (Para 3 , 4)
3. defendant's response and preliminary objections raised. (Para 5 , 6)
4. arguments presented by the appellants. (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
5. respondent's defense arguments. (Para 13)
6. court analysis of kareva marriage and evidence. (Para 14 , 15 , 16)
7. judicial evaluation of disputed documents and wills. (Para 17 , 18)
8. final ruling and dismissal of the appeal. (Para 19 , 20)

JUDGMENT

Manisha Batra, J.

The instant appeal has been preferred challenging the judgment and decree dated 03.05.1990 passed in Civil Appeal No.77 of 1988 titled as Sampuran Singh and another v. Bachni whereby the judgment and decree dated 27.05.1988 passed in Civil Suit No.431 of 1985 titled Sampuran Singh and others v. Bachni thereby dismissing the suit had been upheld.

2. For the sake of convenience, the parties shall be referred to as per their original nomenclature as given in the suit.

3. The brief matrix of the case is that the aforementioned suit had been filed by the plaintiffs on the averments that Mihan Singh @ Mehma Singh who was real brother of the plaintiffs No.1 and 2 was co-sharer to the extent of 1/3rd share in the agricultural land detailed out in the head note of the plaint (hereinafter to be mentioned as the "disputed land"). In June 1970, the joint properties of the plaintiffs Nos.1, 2 and Mihan Singh were partitioned by virtue of a family settlement and thereby, the disputed land had fallen to the share of plaintiffs No.1 and 2 wherein they constructed a house and the house which has been shown in the site plan annexed with the plaint had fallen to the share of Mihan Singh (for short "disputed house"). Mihan Singh was unmarried and issueless. The plaintiff No.3 Labh Singh who was son of plaintiff No.1 used to serve Mihan Singh during his life time and being pleased with the services so rendered by the plaintiff Labh Singh, Mihan Singh had executed a Will in his favour on 20.05.1984 with sound disposition of mind. The said Will had been duly attested by the respectables of the village. Sh. Mihan Singh died on 27.12.1984 and after his death, in view of the Will dated 20.05.1984, plaintiff No.3 became owner in possession of the disputed house and he was already in possession of the same due to the fact that Mihan Singh used to reside with him. It was pleaded that plaintiffs No.1 and 2 had already become co-owners of the disputed land in view of family settlement, however, even otherwise after the death of Sh. Mihan Singh, they being the only class-1 legal heirs of the deceased had inherited to his estate and had become co-owners of the same after his death.

4. It was further pleaded that Sukh Ram son of Narain Dass resident of Village Baroti District Ropar who was husband of the defendant was having friendly relations with Sh. Mihan Singh and due to that the defendant used to visit Mihan Singh during his life time. It was alleged that the defendant was not wife of Mihan Singh and was rather having three children from the loins of Sukh Ram. However, in order to grab the property of Mihan Singh and to cause wrongful loss to the plaintiffs, she had started claiming herself to be the wife of Mihan Singh. After his death, she in connivance with revenue authorities had even got the mutation of inheritance of Mihan Singh entered in her favour and on the basis of the same, she had started claiming ownership over the disputed properties. The plaintiffs, therefore, prayed for passing a decree for declaration to the effect that the plaintiffs No.1 and 2 were joint owners in possession of the disputed land on the basis of family settlement arrived at between Sh. Mihan Singh and themselves in June 1970 and further that the plaintiff No.3 was owner in possession of the house in dispute on the basis of the Will executed by Mihan Singh in his favour.

5. The defendant appeared in response to the notice and file

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