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2023 Supreme(P&H) 3276

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
RITU BAHRI, MANISHA BATRA, JJ.
Ajit alias Jeeta – Appellant
Versus
State of Haryana – Respondent
CRIMINAL APPEAL-D NO.382-DB of 2018 (O&M)
Decided On : 31-08-2023

Advocates Appeared:
Mr. Sushil Jain, Advocate; For the Appellant
For the Respondent:Mr. Pawan Girdhar, Additional Advocate General, Haryana.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code - Sections 302 and 34 - Evidence Act - Section 30 - Arms Act - Section 25 - Appeal against conviction for murder - The conviction was challenged on grounds of lack of direct evidence, broken circumstantial evidence, and improper reliance on disclosure statements - The prosecution was unable to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt. (Paras 10, 21)

(B) Criminal Conspiracy - Nature of circumstantial evidence - The principles for conviction based on circumstantial evidence require unequivocal establishment of circumstances, compatibility with guilt, and a complete chain excluding innocence - Standards of proof not met in this case. (Paras 11, 12)

Facts of the case:
The accused was charged with murder based on circumstantial evidence and allegations of conspiracy, following the death of the victim. Key testimonies indicated the victim's last known presence with co-accused, but evidence lacked concrete linkage to the accused. (Paras 1-5)

Findings of Court:
The trial court's conclusions were found unsustainable due to failure to meet burden of proof; the accused was acquitted. (Paras 21)

Issues: The main issues included the admissibility of circumstantial evidence, the reliance on co-accused statements, and the application of criminal conspiracy principles. (Paras 2, 11)

Ratio Decidendi: The Court emphasized the necessity of sound and sufficient evidence to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt and ruled that reliance on inadmissible disclosures and insufficient circumstantial evidence invalidated the conviction. (Paras 19, 21)

Result: The appeal was allowed, and the conviction was set aside, acquitting the accused.

Table of Content
1. introduction of appeal details (Para 1)
2. factual background of the crime (Para 2 , 3)
3. prosecution's evidence presentation (Para 4)
4. accused's response (Para 5)
5. arguments from both parties (Para 6 , 8 , 9)
6. order and directions (Para 7 , 22)
7. confirmation of homicide by evidence (Para 10 , 11)
8. court's assessment of circumstantial evidence (Para 12 , 14)
9. challenges to disclosure statements (Para 15 , 16 , 17)
10. evaluation of co-accused confessions (Para 18 , 19 , 20)
11. conclusion and acquittal (Para 21)

JUDGMENT

Mrs. Manisha Batra, J.

The present appeal has been preferred against the judgement of conviction dated 10.01.2018 and order on quantum of sentence dated 12.01.2018 passed by learned Additional Sessions Judge, Sonepat in Sessions Case No.SC/268 of 2015 titled as State v. Ajit alias Jeeta arising out of FIR No.132 dated 08.04.2013 registered at Police Station Sadar, Sonipat under Sections 302 and 34 of IPC and Section 25 of ARMS ACT whereby the accused Ajit had been held guilty for commission of offence punishable under Section 302 read with Section 34 of IPC and had been sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for life and to pay fine of Rs.10,000/-.

2. The prosecution version as unfolded is that on 08.04.2013, on receipt of a telephonic information, a police party headed by SI Jai Parkash had reached at Murthal Road, Sonepat in front of Saraswati School wherein the dead body of an unknown youth was found to be lying. There were several firearm injuries on the dead body and some spent, live as well as empty cartridges were also found lying there. A case under Section 302 read with Section 34 of IPC and Section 25 of ARMS ACT was registered. Investigation proceedings were initiated. Inquest proceedings and postmortem examination of the dead body was conducted. On 09.04.2013, the father of the deceased namely, Dharambir contacted the police and after identifying the dead body to be that of his son Parveen @ Parchi recorded his statement to the effect that Malad resident of Village Karor was his co-brother who was lodged in Hisar Jail and his son Parveen had been visting him and helping him in pursuing his cases. Malad was having enmity with members of Anil Chippi gang and accused Anil @ Leela kingpin of that gang and Sandeep @ Kala one member of that gang were lodged in Tihar Jail. He also disclosed that accused Pardeep who was brother of accused Sandeep had threatened his son to not to visit Malad or to face dire consequences. He further disclosed that on 07.04.2013, the victim had been taken by accused Priyavart along with him and on his asking, he had assured that they would be returning shortly and thereafter his son did not return. He raised suspicion that the accused Anil @ Leela and Sandeep @ Kala lodged in jail had hatched a conspiracy with accused Pardeep who in conspiracy with others had murdered his son. Therefore, he prayed for taking penal action against the culprits. On the basis of his statement, offence under Section 120-B of IPC was added. The accused Priyavart was arrested on 19.04.2013. He suffered disclosure statement admitting his involvement in the murder of the victim and also disclosed the names of the co-accused. Accused Sandeep and Anil @ Leela who were confined in Tihar Jail, Delhi were arrested on 25.04.2013. Accused Parveen @ Kaira was arrested on 25.09.2013. They also suffered disclosure statements. Accused Sumit was arrested on 11.10.2013. He suffered disclosure statement and got recovered a 32 bore revolver and two cartridges in pursuance of his disclosure statement. Accused Pardeep was also arrested subsequently. Challan/supplementary challan against these accused were persented in the Court at different points of time. They faced trial separately and had been held guilty and convicted for charges framed under Section 120-B read with Section 302 of IPC and co-accused Sumit was held guilty under Section 25 (1-B) (a) of ARMS ACT .

3. Accused Ajit who was also n

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