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2023 Supreme(P&H) 2890

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
VIKAS SURI, J.
Madhu Saini & Anr. – Petitioners
Versus
Raj Rani & Anr. – Respondents
CR NO. 1430 of 2023
Decided On : 03-03-2023

Advocates Appeared:
Mr. Dhruv Gupta, Advocate; For the Petitioners

Headnote:(A) Haryana Urban (Control of Rent and Eviction) Act, 1973 - Section 6-A - Civil revision petition under Article 227 of the Constitution of India - The right to cross-examine witnesses is fundamental to a fair trial, and an opportunity should not be denied due to procedural missteps, especially if caused by genuine circumstances like bereavement. The Court emphasized the need for substantial justice and held that not granting cross-examination could lead to miscarriage of justice. (Paras 1, 7, 9, 11)

(B) Adjournments - The court under Order 17, Rule 1 CPC may grant adjournments rather than forfeiting rights to cross-examine, especially in situations where the request is made in good faith. (Paras 6, 10)

Facts of the case:
The petitioners challenged the order that denied them an opportunity to cross-examine a key witness in an ejectment case filed due to alleged rent arrears since March 2018. Due to bereavement, the petitioners' counsel could not attend, leading to the trial court declaring the cross-examination as 'Nil'.

Findings of Court:
The court found that denying the chance to cross-examine the landlord witness was unjust and detrimental to the tenant's rights.

Issues: The main issues revolved around the fairness of denying cross-examination based on the circumstances leading to the delay.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that a fair trial must allow cross-examination of key witnesses as a matter of justice, reinforcing the principle that procedural delays caused by genuine reasons should not compromise a party's rights.

Result: Petition allowed; the order treating cross-examination as 'Nil' was set aside, allowing the petitioners one effective opportunity to cross-examine the witness, subject to payment of costs.

Table of Content
1. background of civil revision petition and prior proceedings. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. court analysis on granting cross-examination opportunity. (Para 4 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10)
3. arguments on the necessity of cross-examination. (Para 5 , 6)
4. established rights regarding cross-examination. (Para 11)
5. final order allowing cross-examination with conditions. (Para 12 , 13 , 14)

JUDGMENT

Vikas Suri, J.

This is a civil revision petition preferred under Article 227 of the Constitution of India aggrieved against the order dated 12.01.2023 (Annexure P-1) passed by the Rent Controller, Ambala whereby the opportunity for cross-examination of PW1-Rajni Bala (landlord) was ordered to be considered as 'Nil'.

2. A perusal of the paper book shows that the respondents filed a petition seeking ejectment of the petitioners from the demised premises. In the ejectment petition, an application under Section 6 -A of the Haryana Urban (Control of Rent and Eviction) Act, 1973 was also filed claiming therein that the tenant was in arrears since 01.03.2018. During the restricted functioning of the Courts between the period from 01.04.2020 up to 10.05.2021, the matter kept being adjourned in view of numerous instructions/directions issued in view of the then prevailing situation arising due to the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic. Vide order dated 25.07.2022, the petitioners were directed to deposit the rent for the period w.e.f. 01.03.2018 to 28.02.2019 at the rate of Rs. 4000/- per month. Thereafter, the matter was adjourned to make payment of rent. On deposit of the rent, the landlord moved an application for issuance of voucher of rent assessed earlier that was deposited by the petitioner-tenants, as respondent No. 2 (applicant therein) wanted to withdraw the same. The said application was allowed vide order dated 03.10.2022 and the case was adjourned to 16.11.2022 for evidence of the landlord at own responsibility. It was also directed that learned counsel for the Petitioners in the ejectment petition to supply copy of affidavit of the witness to the opposite counsel well in time so that cross-examination of the witness could be recorded on the same day. On the following herein, the co-landlord viz. Rani Bala daughter of late Krishan Lal deposed as PW-1 and the examination-in-chief was recorded on 16.11.2022. The matter was adjourned to 12.01.2023 for cross-examination of PW-1 Rajni Bala as well as for remaining evidence of the petitioner at own responsibility.

3. On the adjourned date, the cross-examination of the witness PW-1 Rajni Bala could not be conducted as request for adjournment for cross-examination of PW-1 was made on the ground that due to the death of uncle and aunt a week ago, the tenant Madhu Saini could not contact her counsel and therefore, the counsel was not prepared to cross-examine the witness on the said date. The request for adjournment was opposed by the witness and in view of the same, the petitioner herein sought some time to bring her counsel for cross-examination of PW-1. The said request was allowed by the trial Court. While the petitioner had gone to call her counsel, the matter was taken up and it was ordered that the cross-examination of PW-1 Rajni Bala to be considered as 'Nil'. It was recorded by the trial Court that it was the second opportunity for cross-examination and the date had been requested in very casual manner. The record further shows that the petitioner returned to the Court with another advocate who filed his fresh power of attorney on her behalf and requested a date for cross-examination of PW-1. However, it was brought to his notice that as the litigant had not returned up before the Court within 10 minutes, the order has been passed whereby cross-examination of PW-1 was treated as 'Nil'.

4. Heard the learned counsel for the Petitioners and with his able assistance perused the impugned order and other documents forming part of the paper-book.

5. Learned counsel for the Petitioners submits that the

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