( 1 ) THE short basic issue in all these appeals is whether the Aligarh Muslim University is a minority Institution. The point arises because suddenly some eighty five years after incorporation, they chose for the first time to reserve a Muslim quota, by way of a 50% reservation of post-graduate course seats meant for qualified MBBS doctors. The judgment under appeal before us has been delivered by an Honble Single Judge of our Court on the 4th of october, 2005. Both sides, to be more accurate, all parties, felt aggrieved, and came up in appeal. The appeals will all be disposed of by this common order.

( 2 ) ON the one side, who spoke first were, the Aligarh Muslim University, represented by Mr. S. S. Ray, leading Dr. Dhawan, the Union of India and the learned Attorney General on whose behalf mr. Gopal Subramaniam addressed us, two individuals one of whom is a member of the Court of the University, which is its administrative body, the Minority Commission whose case was put forward by Mr. Ravindra Srivastava, and groups of Muslim students/represented by two learned counsel one of whom was Mr. Ashok Khare and Anr. Mr. S. A. Shah.

( 3 ) ON the other side were cert