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2023 Supreme(All) 1267

IN THE HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
ATTAU RAHMAN MASOODI, UMESH CHANDRA SHARMA, JJ.
Rahul – Appellant
Versus
State of U.P. – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 1185 of 2019
Decided On : 19-10-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellants : Shyam Kinkar Pandey, Atul Verma, Hari Krishna Verma, Himanshu Tiwari, Rajesh Kumar, Rajeshwar.

The court held that the accused lacked intent to kill, resulting in conviction for culpable homicide under Section 304 IPC instead of murder under Section 302 IPC.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 302, 304, 354, 452, 307, 34 - Arms Act, 1959 - Section 4/25 - Conviction under various sections for the murder of a mother following an altercation over a marriage proposal, with findings that injuries were not caused with premeditated intent to kill. (Paras 42-45, 68-77)

(B) Culpable Homicide - Acknowledged that the act was committed without premeditation and the accused had not intended to kill, with death due to septicaemia following injuries, leading to conviction for culpable homicide not amounting to murder. (Paras 76-78)

(C) Evidence - Credibility of witnesses questioned; contradictions noted; prosecution required to prove mens rea and intent. (Paras 41-58)

Facts of the case:
The incident arose from a confrontation over a marriage proposal, where two disguised friends entered the complainant's residence, leading to stabbings resulting in one fatality and the questioning of a second victim's serious injuries. (Paras 3-4, 17)

Findings of Court:
The court held that the evidence did not support premeditated motives, adjusting the charges to reflect culpable homicide not amounting to murder, with sentences adjusted to reflect time already served. (Paras 90-92)

Issues: Relied on whether the accused’s actions amounted to murder or a lesser offense of culpable homicide and if there was sufficient mens rea present based on the circumstances of the case. (Para 69)

Ratio Decidendi: The prosecution failed to establish intent to kill; thus the actions of the accused fell within the scope of culpable homicide under Section 304 IPC rather than Section 302 IPC. (Paras 72-80)

Result: Appeal partly allowed; conviction adjusted to culpable homicide, with punishment reflecting time served.

Table of Content
1. conviction and sentencing details. (Para 2 , 3 , 4)
2. arguments against premeditated intent are discussed. (Para 9)
3. appellant's grounds of appeal. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13)
4. testimony from the informant and cross-examination. (Para 14 , 15 , 16)
5. sister's testimony and contradictions. (Para 17 , 18)
6. medical testimonies and injury details. (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 22)
7. inquest details and procedural observations. (Para 23 , 24 , 25 , 26)
8. court's perspective on evidence. (Para 38 , 39 , 40)
9. legal definitions and implications of mens rea. (Para 41 , 42 , 43)
10. criminal liability principles and their scope. (Para 44 , 45 , 46)
11. discussion on mens rea and joint liability. (Para 64 , 74)
12. culpable homicide vs. murder definitions. (Para 68 , 69 , 70 , 71)
13. court clarifies the nature of culpable homicide under ipc. (Para 72 , 78)
14. final judgment and sentence reduction. (Para 90 , 91 , 92)

JUDGMENT :

UMESH CHANDRA SHARMA, J.

1. Heard Sri Atul Verma, learned counsel for the appellant, learned Additional Government Advocate for the State and perused the record.

2. This appeal has been preferred by the appellant against the order passed by the Sessions Judge, Lucknow dated 30.04.2019 in Sessions Trial No. 215 of 2012 (State vs. Rahul) arising out of Case Crime No. 219 of 2011, under Sections 354 , 452, 307, 302 IPC, Police Station Wazirganj, District Lucknow whereby the appellant has been convicted under Section 4 52 IPC, 307/34 IPC, 354 IPC, 307/34 IPC, 302/34 IPC and Section 4 /25 ARMS ACT . The appellant has been sentenced to undergo four years imprisonment and alongwith fine of Rs.1,000/- under Section 4 52 IPC; one year imprisonment and alongwith payment of fine of Rs.1,000/- under Section 354 IPC, five years rigorous imprisonment alongwith fine of Rs.2,000/- under Section 307 /34 IPC and life imprisonment alongwith fine of Rs.2,000/- under Section 302 /34 IPC with default stipulation. Under Sections 4 /25 ARMS ACT he has been sentenced to undergo one year imprisonment alongwith fine of Rs.1,000/- with default stipulation. It was also directed that the period already spent under incarceration would be adjusted in the ultimate sentence and all the sentences shall run concurrently.

3. In brief, facts of the case are that the informant Jitendra lodged an FIR alleging that on 19.07.2011 at about 02:15 p.m. when his sister Kumari Santoshi and mother Smt. Savitri Devi were in the house, Rahul (the appellant) and Bablu @ Anand resident of Lukarganj, Police Station Khuldabad, Allahabad entered his house and started molesting his sister and when it was opposed by his mother, Rahul attacked his sister Santoshi and Bablu attacked his mother Savitri Devi with an intention to kill her with the knife. On commotion when the informant and neighbours reached, they escaped from the spot. Both these accused used to visit his house 2-3 times and used to talk with his sister on mobile prior to the incident and therefore the complainant knew them very well. As a result of the sudden attack blood started oozing from the neck of his mother and was serious. His sister also sustained injuries. He had admitted his injured mother at Trauma Center. Complaint was reduced in writing by Narsingh Sengar for lodging of FIR and necessary action.

4. On the basis of written complaint of the informant, a case under Section 354 , 452, 307 IPC was lodged at Crime No. 219 of 2011 against the accused Rahul and Bablu. The Investigating Officer (IO) started investigation and prepared the site plan. During the course of treatment Smt. Savitri Devi died. After recording the statements of the witnesses and collecting the evidence, a charge sheet under Sections 354 , 452, 307, 302 IPC was submitted to the Court concerned. During the trial, co-accused Bablu was declared to be juvenile. Hence, his case was segregated and tried separately. A charge und

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