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2023 Supreme(All) 1395

IN THE HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
NARENDRA KUMAR JOHARI, SANGEETA CHANDRA, JJ.
Munna Alias Shahanwaz Thru. Father Shabban Khan - Petitioner
Versus
State Of U.P. Thru. Prin. Secy. Home Lko. And Others - Respondents
Habeas Corpus Writ Petition No. 346 of 2022
Decided On : 22-09-2023

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Tushar Bhushan, Saharsh Srivastava, Sheikh Wali Uz Zaman.
For the Respondents: Dr. Pooja Singh.

Preventive detention under the National Security Act requires subjective satisfaction of the authorities that the detenue is likely to disturb public order based on gathered evidence and present conduct.

Headnote:(A) National Security Act, 1980 - Section 3(2) - Preventive detention - Detention order upheld by Court - The detaining authority satisfied of likelihood of the petitioner disturbing public order based on several incidents, including a serious communal altercation and possession of firearms - The Court emphasized that there is a distinction between merely disturbing law and order and causing a threat to public order, the latter being indicative of a community-wide impact - The detention order was supported by adequate evidence, and the procedural safeguards were adhered to. (Paras 32, 36, 41, 52)

(B) Legal Principles - The requirements for preventive detention necessitate subjective satisfaction of the detaining authority based on potential future activity that could disturb public order, rather than prior criminal history alone. (Paras 46-49)

Table of Content
1. writ petition with multiple prayers (Para 1)
2. sequence of violent events leading to detention (Para 2 , 3 , 4)
3. events and communications regarding the detention order. (Para 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13)
4. petitioner's arguments against the detaining authority's grounds. (Para 14 , 15 , 16)
5. petitioner's claim of wrongful implication and lack of urgency. (Para 17 , 18 , 19)
6. state's defense of the detention order's validity. (Para 20 , 21)
7. arguments on communal tensions stemming from accused actions. (Para 22 , 23)
8. the process and communication regarding detention order approval. (Para 24 , 25 , 26)
9. central government's role in detention review process. (Para 27 , 28)
10. addressing the procedural aspects of detention reviews. (Para 29)
11. discussion on public order versus law and order. (Para 30)
12. summary of hearing and decision regarding the detention. (Para 31)
13. evaluation of the necessity for preventive detention. (Para 32 , 33)
14. legal standards for assessing public order. (Para 34 , 35 , 36)
15. differentiation between law and order and public order disturbances. (Para 37 , 38 , 39 , 40)
16. arguments relating to preventive measures based on past actions. (Para 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46)
17. court's view on necessity and grounds for detention. (Para 47 , 48 , 49)
18. affirmation of procedural adherence in detention review. (Para 50 , 51)
19. judgment conclusion. (Para 52)
20. final ruling on the writ petition. (Para 53)

JUDGMENT :

(Narendra Kumar Johari, J.)

1. This writ petition has been filed by the petitioner with the following main prayers :-

    "(i) issue a writ, order or direction in the nature of Certiorari, quashing the impugned detention order dated 24.09.2022 passed by the District Magistrate, Hardoi, contained in Annexure number 1 to this writ petition.

    (ii) issue a writ, order or direction in the nature of Habeas Corpus, directing and commanding the opposite parties to forthwith release the petitioner.

    (iii) quash the entire consequential proceedings."

2. The facts of the case are that on 10.08.2022 at around 6.00 P.M. when the informant Smt. Siddeswari Devi and her daughter Rajni were present in her house, the accused persons Maroof, Jubair, Arif, Shamshad, Munna, S/o Sabban Fauji along with other persons of muslim community entered into the house of informant and started molesting her daughter. When the informant opposed, the accused Munna fired on chest of informant. Fortunately, due to missing of cartridge, it could not be fired. The accused Munna inquired about the whereabouts of her son Nanhe as he was leading the tricolor flag yatra on the occasion of their festival (Muharram). The accused persons gave threat that they will kill her son. When the informant raised her voice for help the neighbours reached on the spot to rescue them. At that time the accused persons started firing shots. On intervention of the neighbours, the accused persons returned back by extending threat.

3. The F.I.R. of the occurrence was lodged at Police Station Pali, District Hardoi at 6.53 P.M. on the same day vide Case Crime No. 305/2022, under Section 452 , 354, 307, 506 I.P.C. It has also been mentioned that Section 7 /8 of the POCSO Act had also been added in the case. Subsequently the son of informant Nanhe lodged another F.I.R. on the same day at 7.47 P.M. in the same police station with the allegation that at 7.00 P.M. the accused persons Rijwan, Sainiyaz, Rahmat Ali @ Monu and Riyasat and other approximately 200 unknown persons came to the house of the informant Nanhe with the common intention to kill the informant. They started stone pelting and abusing. The accused Rizwan and some other persons opened fire but the family members of the informant somehow saved their lives. It has also been alleged that one day prior, the informant had received life threat near Imam Chowk Imambara. Accordingly the F.I.R. was registered in the same police station at 7.47 P.M. vide Crime No. 306/2022 under

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