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2023 Supreme(All) 2580

IN THE HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
SAURABH LAVANIA, J.
Dildar Gani and Another - Appellants
Versus
Smt. Asha Gupta and Others - Respondents
SECOND APPEAL NO. 266 OF 2022.
Decided On : 26-04-2023

Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant Mohammad Aslam Khan.
For the Respondent Ravi Shanker Singh, Girish Chandra Sinha, Kirti Veer Singh.

Headnote:(A) Civil Procedure Code, 1908 - Section 100 - Appeal - The appellants challenged the earlier judgments that affirmed the eviction decree against them. The tenant's relationship was admitted, yet, issues concerning the legality of eviction and identification of the property became paramount in determining the findings. (Paras 2, 31, 60)

(B) Landlord-Tenant Relationship - It was established that the landlord-tenant relationship existed between the parties through tenants' admissions and corroborating evidence. The necessity for a tenant to prove title was deemed unnecessary under these circumstances. (Paras 56, 63)

(C) Identity of Property - The designation and identification of the property involved were sufficiently supported by documents and prior court findings, reaffirming that the disputed property was properly identified. (Paras 60, 61)

Facts of the case:
The appellants were tenants of the disputed shops, while the plaintiffs claimed ownership through a family settlement and earlier judgments. Disputes arose regarding the property’s identity and the evidence concerning eviction.

Findings of Court:
The trial court found the plaintiffs entitled to eviction based on the tenants' admissions, ruling that a clear landlord-tenant relationship was demonstrated. The appellants failed to substantiate their claim over property ownership sufficiently.

Issues: Whether the respondents needed to prove their title despite confirming the tenancy and the identification's correctness of the property in question.

Ratio Decidendi: The court determined that proving title was not a precondition for seeking eviction under established landlord-tenant dynamics, and concurrent findings on property identification were upheld.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. case about tenancy and property ownership. (Para 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. admission of tenancy and its implications. (Para 8 , 10 , 21)
3. litigation history and consecutive judgments. (Para 25 , 28 , 32)
4. criteria for establishing 'landlord-tenant' relationship. (Para 33 , 35 , 39)
5. judicial principles on property identity. (Para 50 , 51 , 62)
6. dismissing the appeal. (Para 63 , 64)

JUDGMENT

Saurabh Lavania, J.

Heard Mohammad Arif Khan, learned Senior Advocate assisted by Mohammad Aslam Khan, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the defendants-appellants and Sri Girish Chandra Sinha, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the plaintiffs-respondents.

2. By means of the present appeal preferred by the defendants-appellants under section 100 of CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE (hereinafter referred to as "CPC"), the appellants have challenged the judgment and decree dated 31.10.2022, passed by the District Judge, Sultanpur in Civil Appeal No. 06 of 2018 [Dildar Gani And Another v. Ratan Kumar (now deceased) through LRs and others] as also the judgment and decree dated 16.12.2017, passed by the Civil Judge (Junior Division), Musafirkhana, Sultanpur in Regular Suit No. 435 of 1986 (Gaya Prasad and others v. Dildar Gani And Another).

3. Vide judgment and decree dated 16.12.2017, the suit filed by one Gaya Prasad against the present appellants was decreed and being aggrieved, the Regular Civil Appeal No. 06 of 2018 was filed, which was dismissed vide judgment and order dated 31.10.2022 affirming the judgment of the trial Court.

4. Admittedly, the Regular Suit No. 435 of 1986 was filed against the defendants-appellants indicating therein that the defendant No. 1-appellant No. 1 (Dildar Gani) is the tenant of the shop Nos. 1 and 2 at Rs. 8/- per month situated in the area indicated in the plaint as "Aa, Ba, Sa, Da, Ya, Ra, La and Va" and defendant No. 2 (Usman Gani) is real brother of appellant No. 1 and he is with appellant No. 1. As per plaint case, the area described in the suit is the property situated at Village Palpur, Pargana, Jagdishpur, Tehsil-Musafirkhana, District-Sultanpur over Plot No. 390 indicated as "Aa, Ba, Sa, Da, Ya, Ra, La and Va".

5. In regard to ownership, as per averments made in the plaint, the area indicated as "Aa, Ba, Sa, Da, Ya, Ra, La and Va" in the plaint as also in the map appended to the plaint came into possession on account of the permission/Izajatnama provided by one Lala Goverdhan Dass, the then Jamindar and after coming into force the U.P. Z.A.&L.R. Act, 1950 particularly from the date of its vesting, the predecessor in interest became the owner in possession of the property in issue and on account of family settlement, the plaintiff (Gaya Prasad) became the owner of the same. From the copy of plaint, on record, particularly a conjoint reading of paras 6 to 9 as also the prayer clause, it is apparent that broadly on the ground raising illegal construction and damaging the property, in issue, a registered notice dated 03.06.1986 was sent and thereafter, the suit was filed in the month of July, 1986, seeking prayer(s) for eviction, mandatory injunction and permanent injunction. The prayers sought in the plaint are as under:-

    ^^v- fMxzh rf[y;k; cgd iwoZ oknhx.k fo:) izfroknhx.k ckcr fookfnr nqdku iznku dh tk;sA

    c& fMxzh esuMsV~h batD'ku cgd iwoZ oknh fo:) izfroknhx.k bl vk'k; dh iznku dh tk;s dh izfroknhx.k dk vkns'k fn;k tk;s dh ;s U;k;ky; ds fu;qDr le; ds vUnj fookfnr fuekZ.k v] c] l] n dks gVk dj tehu dks ikd o lkQ djds r[rk tehu dks gokys oknh dj ns;s vkSj ;fn os ,slk u djs rks iwoZ oknh ds [kpZ ls U;k;ky; }kjk djk dj mldk Hkh [kpkZ iwoZ oknh dks izfroknhx.k ls fnyk;k tk;sA

    l& tfj;s fMxzh gqdqe bfErukbZ nokeh cgd iwoZ oknhx.k izfroknhx.k dks ges'kk ges'kk ds fy, jksd fn;k tk;s dh os fookfnr tk;nkn esa dksbZ gLr{ksi u djsa u dksbZ rkehj djsaA

    n& [kpkZ eqdnek iwoZ oknhx.k dks izfroknhx.k ls fnyk;k tk;sA

    ;& vU; ;kpuk tks fey ldrh gks izfroknhx.k ls fnyk;k tk;sA**

6. It would be appropriate to refer

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