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1997 (1) JLJ 221
A.R. Tiwari and N.K. Jain, JJ.
Pratiksha (Ku.) v. Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya and others
L.P.A. No. 25 of 1996; against the judgment and order of Hon‘ble Single
Judge, passed in W.P. No. 1233 of 1995; Decided on 17.4.1996.
(2) Education -- right to education -- is concomitant to fundamental right. AIR 1992 SC 1858 followed. [Para 8
(3) Law -- cannot thrive on flaw -- can offer no choice on likes or dislikes. [Para 8
(4) Practice -- when we have not what we like -- we must like what we have. [Para 8
(5) Practice -- discretion -- has to be governed by law and guided by rules, not by humour. (1770) 4 Burr. 2528 relied on. [Para 10
(6) Practice -- discretion -- there is nothing like unfettered discretion immune from judicial reviewability. (1971) (1) AllER 148 and AIR 1975 SC 550 relied on. [Para 15
(7) Constitution of India -- Art. 14 -- fairness founded on reasons -- is the essence of guarantee epitomised under. [Para 15
(8) Court -- power and duty of.
If the power has been exercised improperly or mistakenly so as to impinge unjustly on legitimate rights or interests of the subject, then Courts must so declare. The Courts stand between the executive and the subject alert, alert to see that discretionary power is not exceeded or misused. (1942) AC 206 relied on. [Para 15
(9) Order -- validity of u to be judged by its contents -- later embroidery cannot validate such order. AIR 1978 SC 451 followed. [Para 16
(10) Natural Justice -- object underlying the rule -- is to prevent miscarriage of justice and secure fair play in action. AIR 1990 SC 1984 followed. [Para 17
(11) Natural Justice -- requirement to record reasons in passing some order -- is one of the principles of natural justice in view of its expanding horizon. AIR 1990 SC 1984 followed. [Para 17
(12) Education -- students already admitted -- more meritorious student not able to avail the seat already occupied due to lapse of time -- interference refused. AIR 1990 SC 1222 followed. [Para 18
(13) Natural Justice -- recording of reasons even in administrative orders -- should be insisted upon -- such actions should be clearly disclosed -- statement of reasons serves purpose. (1940) 85 Law Ed. 1271, (1942) 87 Law Ed. 626, (1975) 44 Law Ed 2nd 377, (1971) 2 QB 175 and 1974 ICR 120 relied on. [Para 20
(14) Education -- admission of duly admitted students cancelled without reasons -- cancellation cannot sustain -- case remitted to give notice and follow principles of natural justice. [Para 22
(15) Constitution of India -- Arts. 226 and 227 -- writ of certiorari -- is available against administrative decisions also -- Court can strike down an administrative action which manifests arbitrariness. AIR 1984 SC 1182 followed. [Para 23
(16) Education -- reservation of admission on quota system -- is not appreciable except for candidates belonging to SC/ST or backward classes. [Para 25
¼1½ f‘k{kk && fpfdRlk o`fÙk dk Lrj && jk"Vªh; fgr esa mlds lkFk le>kSrk ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg, && n{krk dk mPp Lrj cuk, j[kk tkuk pkfg,A , vkb vkj 1988 ,l lh 481 vuqlfjrA ¿ iSjk 8
¼2½ f‘k{kk && f‘k{kk dk vf/kdkj && ewy vf/kdkj dk lgxkeh gSA , vkb vkj 1992 ,l lh 1858 vuqlfjrA ¿ iSjk 8
¼3½ fof/k && nks"k ij ls lQy ugha gks ldrh && :fp vFkok v:fp ij ls p;u dh izo`fÙk ugha gSA ¿ iSjk 8
¼4½ izFkk && tc gekjh ilan gesa miyC/k ugha gks && tks miyC/k gS mls ilan djuk gksxkA ¿ iSjk 8
¼5½ izFkk && foosdkf/kdkj && fof/k }kjk fofu;fer rFkk fu;eksa }kjk ekxZnf‘kZr gksuk pkfg,] euksn‘kk }kjk ughaA ¼1770½4 cj 2528 voyafcrA ¿ iSjk 10
¼6½ izFkk && foosdkf/kdkj && U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu ls mUeqDr LoPNan foosdkf/kdkj tSlk dqN ugha gksrkA ¼1971½ ¼1½ vky b vkj 148 rFkk , vkb vkj 1975 ,l lh 550 voyafcrA ¿ iSjk 13
¼7½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku && Hkkjr dk lafo/kku && vuq- 14 && dkj.kksa ij vk/kkfjr _tqrk && mica/k ds v/khu izR;kHkwr lkj dk eeZ gSA ¿ iSjk 15
¼8½ U;k;ky; && ‘kfDr rFkk drZO;A
;fn ‘kfDr dk iz;ksx bl izdkj vuqfpr rkSj ij ;k Hkwy ls fd;k x;k gS ftlls iztk ds fof/klaxr vf/kdkj vFkok fgr vU;k;iw.kZ :i ls vfrØe.k gksrs gksa] rc U;k;ky;ksa dks ,slk ?kksf"kr djuk gksxkA U;k;ky; dk;Zikfydk rFkk iztk ds chp lrdZ gSa] ;g ns[kus ds fy, lrdZ fd foosdkf/kdkj dh ‘kfDr dk vfrØe.k vFkok nq:i;ksx ugha gksA ¼1942½ , lh 206 voyafcrA ¿ iSjk 15
¼9½ vkns‘k && fof/kekU;rk && mldh varoZLrq ls vk¡dh tkuk gksrh gS && ijorhZ vyadj.k ls ,slk vkns‘k fof/kekU; ugha gks ldrkA , vkb vkj 1978 ,l lh 451 vuqlfjrA ¿ iSjk 16
¼10½ uSlfxZd U;k; && fu;e dk ewy mn~ns‘; && U;k;gkfu fuokfjr djuk rFkk U;k;&Oogkj lqfuf‘pr djuk gSA , vkb vkj 1978 ,l lh 451 vuqlfjrA ¿ iSjk 17
¼11½ uSlfxZd U;k; && dksbZ vkns‘k ikfjr djus esa dkj.k vfHkfyf[kr djus dh vko‘;drk && uSlfxZd U;k; ds izlj.k‘khy lhek dks n`f"V esa j[krs gq, mlds fl)karksa esa ls ,d gSA , vkb vkj 1990 ,l lh 1984 vuqlfjrA ¿ iSjk 17
¼12½ f‘k{kk && Nk=ksa dks iwoZ esa gh izos‘k izkIr && vf/kd ;ksX; Nk= le; chr tkus ds dkj.k iwoZ esa gh Hkjk x;k LFkku ikus esa vleFkZ && gLr{ksi ukeatwjA , vkb vkj 1990 ,l lh 1222 vuqlfjrA ¿ iSjk 18
¼13½ uSlfxZd U;k; && iz‘kklfud vkns‘kka esa Hkh dkj.k vfHkfyf[kr fd;k tkuk && ml ij cy fn;k tkuk pkfg, && ,sls dk;Z Li"Vr% izdV fd, tkuk pkfg, && dkj.kksa ds fooj.k ls iz;kstu iwjk gksrk gSA ¼1940½ 85 yk ,M- 1271] ¼1942½ 87 yk ,M- 626] ¼1975½ 44 yk ,M- f}rh; 377] ¼1971½ 2 D;wch 175 rFkk 1974 vkb lh vkj 120 voyafcrA ¿ iSjk 20
¼14½ f‘k{kk && lE;d~ :i ls izfo"V Nk=ksa dk izos‘k fcuk dkj.k fn, jn~n && jn~ndj.k ekU; ugha fd;k tk ldrk && lwpuk nh tkus rFkk uSlfxZd U;k; ds fl)kar vuqlfjr fd, tkus ds fy, ekeyk izfrizsf"kr fd;k x;kA ¿ iSjk 22
¼15½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku && vuq- 226 rFkk 227 && mRizs"k.k fjV && iz‘kklfud fofu‘p;ksa ds fo:) Hkh miyC/k gS && U;k;ky; ,slh iz‘kklfud dkjZokbZ vfHk[kafMr dj ldrk gS ftlesa euekukiu izdV gksA , vkb vkj 1984 ,l lh 1182 vuqlfjrA ¿ iSjk 23
¼16½ f‘k{kk && dksVk i)fr ls izos‘k dk vkj{k.k && vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr vFkok fiNM+s oxZ ds izR;kf‘k;ksa ds vU;Fkk cqf)xE; ugha gSA ¿ iSjk 25
A.R. Tiwari, J. -- 1. Cardinal Gibbons, in his address in 1909, ruminated that "Reform must come from within, not from without. You cannot legislate for virtue". The theme of instant cases is that at one stage Vice Chancellor (V.C.) of the Devi Ahilya Vishwa Vidyalaya (DAVV) Indore played the role of a donor patterned on a point -- ''You give me application, I promise you admission" in MBA (Full-Time) two year (Modular) Course, under "My quota". If that is so, what sin the counsel raised the question the appellants and the like of them committed when they slipped under the promise and, so lulled chose to view it as lucrative and to become the donees. Virtue on both the sides perhaps took leave for some time. VC led the students to tread on forbidden path without bothering for inhesion of institution seemingly on inner voice alone. Now if it was wrong from 'within', how can it be right from 'without'? Little later the same VC directed the Director to cancel such admissions without disclosing or documenting reasons and the Director in his turn, orchestrating the tune, issued the consequential order ostracizing as many as 72 students who had secured admission under the so-called discretionary quota of the Vice Chancellor. Six more students suffered the same fate from the category of Employees quota. Out of these 72, some students, left in lurch, filed writ petitions before Single Bench and obtained interim orders against implementation of the consequential order. On hearing both sides, Single Bench dismissed those petitions by common order on 6.3.96 rendered in W.P. No. 1227/95. Some of the unsuccessful petitioners of W.P. No. 1233/95 (LPANo.25/96), W.P. No. 1271/95 (LPA No. 30/96), W.P. No. 1250/95 (LPA No. 31/96), W.P. No. 1248/95 (LPA No. 28/96), W.P. No. 1250/95 (LPA No. 26/96), W.P. No. 1240195 (LPA No. 32/96), W.P.A. No. 1271/95 (LPA No. 40/96), W.P. No. 1227/95 (LPA No. 27/96), W.P. No. 1294/95 (LPA No. 38/96), W.P. No. 1227/95 (LPA No. 58/96) and W.P. No. 1240/95 (LP A No. 77/96) have then filed these Letters Patent Appeals under Clause X of the Letters Patent against the order dated 6.3.96 and obtained stay at their own risk. On show-cause notice, Respondents have filed reply in oppugnation. On consent, we heard these appeals at length for final disposal. This common order governs the disposal of these LP Appeals.
2. Factual matrix lies in a narrow compass. The Institute of Management Studies (IMS) run by DAVV conducts inter alia the course of MBA. For this course, scheduled to commence from July, 1995, institute initiated Selection Process by inviting applications from eligible candidates till 17.12.94. A brochure, containing gist and guidance, was published. Provision for written test, group discussion and personal interview carrying marks 30, 15 and 15 respectively was made. Minimum 40% marks in written test were fixed as essential to qualify for interview. Out of 3321 candidates, only 522 were chosen for group discussion and personal interview. Except the appellant Ku. Deblina Mukherjee of LPA No. 38/96, petitioner in WP No. 1294/95 secured required marks in written test. She too found place only in waiting list. Process of selection ended on 30.6.95. Thereafter, VC granted admission to 17 under 'Employees quota' and to 72 under his discretionary quota. Sequel to this, these 89 fortunates deposited fee on various dates in July/August, 1995 and joined the course of 95-97. It seems that one member of the Executive Council threatened stem action. Thereafter, VC inexorably asked the Director of IMS to cancel admission of 72 students, who deposited fee on 31.7.95, (five), 5.8.95 (Eighteen) 14.8.95 (Eleven) and 16.8.96 (Thirty seven) and was transferred from MFA to MBA (one), on 6.9.95. Pursuant to this, Director notified on notice-board on 12.9.95 that admission of these 72 students made under Vice-Chancellor discretionary quota in MBA (Full Time) Two Year (Modular) course stands cancelled as per orders issued by VC,
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