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IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH
(FULL BENCH)
Hemant Gupta, CJ, Vijay Kumar Shukla and Subodh Abhyankar, JJ.
State of M. P. and others v. Yugal Kishore Sharma
Writ Appeal No. 613 of 2016 (Jabalpur): arising from order dated 13.8.2014 passed in Writ Petition No. 4030 of 2009;
Decided on 25.1.2018
-- R. 56 -- Junior Weaving Instructors in Women & Child Development Department -- are "teachers" for purpose of age of superannuation -- entitled to extension in age up to 62 years.
Held : In view of the above, we hold that classification in the Recruitment Rules is not determinative of the fact: whether a Government servant is a Teacher or not as the meaning assigned to Teacher in the State Act has to be preferred over the classification of Teacher in the recruitment Rules. The Amending Act has given wide meaning to the expression "Teacher", which includes the "Teachers irrespective of the designation and appointed in a Government Technical and Medical Institutions". Therefore, the "Instructors" engaged for imparting training to women in the Tailoring Centre work under the Department of Women & Child Development are entitled to extension in age up to the age of 62 years being teachers as mentioned in the amending Act. 1988 JLJ 450, 2003(4) MPHT 484 and Writ Petition No. 2289 of 2003 decided on 7.11.2003 approved. 2001(2) MPHT 373, 2007(4) MPHT 147 and Writ Appeal No. 402 of 2016 (DB) decided on 23.8.2016 disapproved. 1987 JLJ 626 (DB) partly disapproved.
Teachers, who have attained the age of 62 years prior to the order of this Court passed today, shall not be entitled to any consequential benefit of pay and allowances but the teachers, who have not attained the age of 62 years, shall be called upon to perform their duties up to the age of 62 years. [Para 43
(2) Civil Service -- M. P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki Ayu) Dwitiya Sanshodhan Adhiniyam, 1998 -- S.2 (1-a) Explanation -- teacher -- conditions to be satisfied -- laid down.
Held : When paraphrased, the conditions to be satisfied as a "Teacher" are as under :
(1) The person has to be a Government servant by whatever designation called;
(2) Appointed for the purpose of teaching in Government Educational Institutions;
(3) Institutions should be Technical or Medical Educational Institutions;
(4) It also includes the person, who is appointed to an administrative post by promotion or otherwise and who has been engaged in teaching for not less than 20 years provided he holds a lien on a post in the concerned School/Collegiate/Technical/Medical education service.
(3) Civil Service -- M. P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki Ayu) Dwitiya Sanshodhan Adhiniyam, 1998 -- S.2 (1-a) Explanation -- Government educational institutions - cannot be given restricted meaning -- expression used is "Teacher engaged for the purpose of teaching including technical or medical educational institutions" -- technical educational institution will receive wide connotation that will include women training institutes or other vocational training institutes, therefore, such institutes would satisfy test of being technical institutes. [Para 21
(4) Interpretation of Statutes -- definition given in one statute cannot be exported for interpretation of another statute -- context in which other judgments are rendered are not relevant for purpose of M. P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki-Ayu) Adhiniyam, 1967 -- provisions of the Act, as amended by M. P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki-Ayu) Dwitiya Sanshodhan Adhiniyam, 1998 -- are required to be interpreted keeping in view the language, context, object and purpose of the statute. AIR 1953 SC 58, (2017)1 SCC 554 and AIR 1969 SC 563 followed. AIR 1968 SC 662 and AIR 1997 SC 1436 distinguished. 2009(3) JLJ 438 (SC) and (1997)8 SCC 350 referred to. [Paras 9 & 22
(5) Interpretation of Statues -- "common parlance test" -- dictionary meaning and common parlance test can also be adopted and not the scientific meaning. (2007)7 SCC 242 referred to. [Para 24
(6) Civil Service -- M. P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki Ayu) Dwitiya Sanshodhan Adhiniyam, 1998 - S. 2 (1-a) Explanation -- M. P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki-Ayu) Adhiniyam, 1967 -- S.2 -- Fundamental Rules -- R.56 -- amendment in Adhiniyam, 1967 to extend age of retirement -- is a beneficial provision for a class of employees, who are teachers -- "teacher" has been given widest possible connotation -- not restricted to teachers in Government schools or colleges or different ranks and status, but all teachers from lowest to highest rank. AIR 1962 SC 547 and AIR 1959 SC 459 followed. (2014)5 SCC 189 referred to. [Para 20
(7) Civil Service -- M. P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki Ayu) Dwitiya Sanshodhan Adhiniyam, 1998 -- S.2 (1-a) Explanation -- M. P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki-Ayu) Adhiniyam, 1967 - S. 2 - Fundamental Rules -- R. 56 - in view of dictionary meaning of "educational institution" and object of National Cadet Corps -- instructors in NCC and in weaving would be "teacher" for purpose of M. P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki-Ayu) Adhiniyam, 1967. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (new 8th edition 2010), Collins Cobuild English Dictionary (new edition, reprint 1997), Black's Law Dictionary (10th edition), P. Ramanatha Aiyar's Advanced Law Lexicon (3rd edition, reprint 2007) relied on. 1987 JLJ 626 (DB) disapproved. [Para 36
(8) Interpretation of Statutes -- M.P. Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Act, 1963 -- is a general statute -- M. P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki-Ayu) Adhiniyam, 1967 -- is a special statute -- will have preference over provisions of 1963 Act. [Para 37
(9) Civil Service -- M. P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki Ayu) Dwitiya Sanshodhan Adhiniyam, 1998 -- S.2 (1-a) Explanation -- M. P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki-Ayu) Adhiniyam, 1967 -- S.2 -- Fundamental Rules
-- R.56 -- Weaving Instructor employed in jail -- jail cannot be treated to be a Technical Educational Institution -- benefit of extension of age cannot be granted. 2007 (4) MPHT 147 disapproved. [Para 38
(10) Civil Service -- M. P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki Ayu) Dwitiya Sanshodhan Adhiniyam, 1998 -- S.2 (1-a) Explanation -- M.P. Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki-Ayu) Adhiniyam, 1967 -- S.2 -- Fundamental Rules
-- R. 56 -- Instructor -- is a teacher -- Training Centres and Vocational Training Centres of State Government -- are educational institutions for extending benefit of age of superannuation to person imparting training. [Para 42
¼1½ flfoy lsok && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q½ f}rh; la'kksèku] vf/kfu;e] 1998 && /kkjk 2 ¼1&d½ Li"Vhdj.k && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vfèkokf"kZdh vk;q½ vf/kfu;e] 1967 && /kkjk 2 && ewy fu;e && fu- 56 && efgyk ,oa cky fodkl foHkkx esa dfu"B cqukbZ vuqns'kd && vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q ds iz;kstu ds fy, ßf'k{kdÞ gSa && 62 o"kZ dh vk;q rd o`f) ds gdnkjA
vfHkfu/kkZfjr % mi;qZDr dh n`f"V ls] ge vfHkfu/kkZfjr djrs gSa fd HkrhZ fu;eksa esa oxhZdj.k bl rF; dk fu'pk;d ugha gS % ljdkjh lsod f'k{kd gS ;k ugha && D;ksafd jkT; vf/kfu;e esa f'k{kd dks fn, x, vFkZ dks HkrhZ fu;eksa esa f'k{kd ds oxhZdj.k ij vf/keku fn;k tkuk gksxkA la'kksèku vf/kfu;e esa vfHkO;fä ßf'k{kdÞ dks O;kid vFkZ fn;k x;k gS ftlesa ßf'k{kd] pkgs og fdlh Hkh inuke ls tkuk tkrk gks rFkk ftldh fu;qfä 'kkldh; rduhdh ,oa fpfdRlh; laLFkk esa dh xbZ gSÞ lfEefyr gSA vfr% efgyk ,oa cky fodkl foHkkx ds v/khu flykbZ dsanz esa efgykvksa dks izf'k{k.k nsus ds fy, fu;ksftr ßizf'k{kdÞ] la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e esa ;Fkk mfYyf[kr f'k{kd gksus ds dkj.k 62 o"kZ dh vk;q rd vk;q esa o`f) ds gdnkj gSaA 1988 ts,yts 450] 2003¼4½ ,eih,pVh 484 rFkk fjV vihy Ø- 2289 lu~ 2003 fu.khZr fnukad 7-11-2003 vuqeksfnrA 2001¼2½ ,e ih ,p Vh 373] 2007¼4½ ,e ih ,p Vh 147 rFkk fjV vihy Ø- 402 lu~ 2016 fu.khZr fnukad 23-8-2016 vuqeksfnrA 1987 ts ,y ts 626 ¼[kaM U;k;ihB½ Hkkxr% vuuqeksfnrA
ftu f'k{kdksa us vkt ikfjr bl U;k;ky; ds vkns'k ds iwoZ 62 o"kZ dh vk;q iw.kZ dj yh gS] osru vkSj HkÙkksa ds ikfj.kkfed Qk;ns ds gdnkj ugha gksaxs ijarq ftu f'k{kdksa us 62 o"kZ dh vk;q iw.kZ ugha dh gS muls 62 o"kZ dh vk;q rd vius drZO;ksa dk ikyu djus dh vis{kk dh tk,xhA
¼2½ flfoy lsok && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q½ f}rh; la'kksèku vf/kfu;e] 1998 && /kkjk 2 ¼1&d½ Li"Vhdj.k && f'k{kd && iwjh dh tkus okyh 'krs± && vf/kdfFkrA
vfHkfu/kkZfjr % O;k[;k djus ij] ßf'k{kdÞ ds :i esa iwjh dh tkus okyh 'krs± fuEukuqlkj gSa %
¼1½ O;fä 'kkldh; lsod gksuk pkfg,] pkgs og fdlh Hkh inuke ls tkuk tkrk gks(
¼2½ 'kkldh; f'k{k.k laLFkk esa f'k{k.k ds iz;kstu ds fy, fu;qä gksuk pkfg,(
¼3½ laLFkk rduhdh vFkok fpfdRlh; f'k{k.k laLFkk gksuk pkfg,(
¼4½ blesa og O;fä Hkh lfEefyr gS tks] inksUufr }kjk ;k vU;Fkk] fdlh iz'kklfud in ij fu;qä fd;k x;k gks vkSj tks de ls de 20 o"kZ rd v/;kiu dk;Z esa yxk jgk gks c'krsZ fd og lacafèkr fo|ky;hu@egkfo|ky;hu@rduhdh@ fpfdRlk f'k{kk lsok esa fdlh in ij /kkj.kkf/kdkj j[krk gksA
¼3½ flfoy lsok && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q½ f}rh; la'kksèku vf/kfu;e] 1998 && /kkjk 2¼1&d½ Li"Vhdj.k && 'kkldh; f'k{k.k laLFkk && lhfer vFkZ ugha fn;k tk ldrk && iz;qä dh xbZ vfHkO;fä ßftlesa rduhdh vFkok fpfdRlk f'k{k.k laLFkk lfEefyr gS] v/;kiu ds iz;kstukFkZ fu;ksftr f'k{kdÞ gS
&& rduhdh f'k{k.k laLFkk dks O;kid ladsrkFkZ izkIr gksxk ftlesa efgyk izf'k{k.k laLFkk vFkok vU; O;kolkf;d izf'k{k.k laLFkk lfEefyr gksaxs] vr%] ,sls laLFkk rduhdh laLFkk gksus dh dlkSVh ij [kjs gksaxsA ¼iSjk 21
¼4½ fof/k dk fuoZpu && ,d dkuwu esa nh xbZ ifjHkk"kk nwljs dkuwu ds fuoZpu ds fy, fu;kZfrr ugha dh tk ldrh && ftl lanHkZ esa vU; fu.kZ; fn, x, gSa og e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q½ vf/kfu;e] 1967 ds iz;kstu ds fy, lqlaxr ugha gS && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q½ f}rh; la'kks/ku vfèkfu;e] 1998 }kjk ;Fkk la'kksf/kr vf/kfu;e ds mica/k && ml dkuwu dh Hkk"kk] lanHkZ] mís'; rFkk iz;kstu dks n`f"V esa j[krs gq, fuoZpu fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA , vkb vkj 1953 ,l lh 58]¼2017½1 ,l lh lh 554 rFkk , vkb vkj 1969 ,l lh 563 vuqlfjrA , vkb vkj 1968 ,l lh 662 rFkk , vkb vkj 1997 ,l lh 1436 izHksfnrA 2009¼3½ ts ,y ts 438 ¼mPpre U;k-½ rFkk ¼1997½8 ,l lh lh 350 fufnZ"VA ¼iSjk 9 ,oa 22
¼5½ fof/k dk fuoZpu && ßlkekU; cksypky ijh{k.kÞ && oSKkfud vFkZ ugha vfirq 'kCndks'k vFkZ vkSj lkekU; cksypky ijh{k.k Hkh viuk;k tk ldrk gSA ¼2007½7 ,l lh lh 242 fufnZ"VA ¼iSjk 24
¼6½ flfoy lsok && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q½ f}rh; la'kksèku vf/kfu;e] 1998 && /kkjk 2 ¼1&d½ Li"Vhdj.k && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vfèkokf"kZdh vk;q½ vf/kfu;e] 1967 && /kkjk 2 && ewy fu;e &&fu- 56 && lu~ 1967 ds vf/kfu;e esa lsokfuo`fÙk dh vk;q esa o`f) dk la'kks/ku && deZpkfj;ksa dh Js.kh ds fy, Qk;nkizn mica/k gS tks f'k{kd gS &&ßf'k{kdÞ dks O;kidre laHko ladsrkFkZ fn;k x;k gS && 'kkldh; fo|ky;ksa vFkok egkfo|ky;ksa ds ;k fHkUu jSad vkSj gSfl;r ds f'k{kdksa rd lhfer ugha] cfYd fuEure ls mPpre jSad ds leLr f'k{kdksa dks ykxw gSA , vkb vkj 1962 ,l lh 547 rFkk , vkb vkj 1959 ,l lh 459 vuqlfjrA ¼2014½5 ,l lh lh 189 fufnZ"VA ¼iSjk 20
¼7½ flfoy lsok && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q½ f}rh; la'kksèku vf/kfu;e] 1998 && /kkjk 2 ¼1&d½ Li"Vhdj.k && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vfèkokf"kZdh vk;q½ vf/kfu;e] 1967 && /kkjk 2 && ewy fu;e &&fu- 56 && Þf'k{k.k laLFkkÞ ds 'kCndks'k vFkZ rFkk jk"Vªh; dSMsV dksj ds mís'; dh n`f"V ls && ,u lh lh esa rFkk cqukbZ esa vuqns'kd] e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q½ vf/kfu;e] 1967 ds iz;kstukFkZ ßf'k{kdÞ gksaxsA vkWDlQMZ ,MokULM yuZlZ fMD'kujh ¼uohu v"Ve~ laLdj.k 2010½] dkWfyUl dksfcYM baxfy'k fMD'kujh ¼uohu laLdj.k] iqueqZfær 1997½] CySDl ykW fMD'kujh ¼n'ke~ laLdj.k½] ih- jkeukFk v¸;j Ñr ,MokULM ykW ySfDldu ¼r`rh; laLdj.k iqueqZfnzr 2007½ voyafcrA 1987 ts ,y ts 626 ¼[kaM U;k;ihB½ vuqeksfnrA ¼iSjk 36
¼8½ fof/k dk fuoZpu && e-iz- tokgj yky usg: Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky; vfèkfu;e] 1963 && lk/kkj.k dkuwu gS && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q½ vf/kfu;e] 1967 && fo'ks"k dkuwu gS && lu~ 1963 ds vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ij vfèkeku fn;k tk,xkA ¼iSjk 37
¼9½ flfoy lsok && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q½ f}rh; la'kksèku vf/kfu;e] 1998 && /kkjk 2 ¼1&d½ Li"Vhdj.k && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vfèkokf"kZdh vk;q½ vf/kfu;e] 1967 && /kkjk 2 && ewy fu;e &&fu- 56 && tsy esa fu;ksftr cqukbZ vuqns'kd && tsy rduhdh f'k{k.k laLFkk ugha ekuk tk ldrk && vk;q esa o`f) dk Qk;nk ugha fn;k tk ldrkA 2007¼4½ ,e ih ,p Vh 147 vuqeksfnrA ¼iSjk 38
¼10½ flfoy lsok && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q½ f}rh; la'kksèku vf/kfu;e] 1998 && /kkjk 2 ¼1&d½ Li"Vhdj.k && e-iz- 'kkldh; lsod ¼vfèkokf"kZdh vk;q½ vf/kfu;e] 1967 && /kkjk 2 && ewy fu;e &&fu- 56 && vuqns'kd && f'k{kd gS && jkT; ljdkj ds izf'k{k.k dsUnz rFkk O;kolkf;d izf'k{k.k laLFkk && izf'k{k.k nsus okys O;fä dks vf/kokf"kZdh vk;q dk Qk;nk nsus ds fy, f'k{k.k laLFkk gSA ¼iSjk 42
Gupta, C.J. -- 1. The present intra-Court appeal is directed against an order passed by the learned Single Bench on 13.8.2014 in Writ Petition No. 4030/2009 (Yugal Kishore Sharma v. State of M.P. and others) whereby the writ petition directed against an order dated 6.3.2009 superannuating the writpetitioner at the age of 60 years was allowed.
2. On 25.9.2017, a Division Bench of this Court while hearing the present appeal along with a bunch of intra-Court appeals involving the identical questions of law and fact such as Writ Appeal No. 686/2016 (State of M.P. v. Smt. Ravi Jain), Writ Appeal No. 690/2016 (State of M.P. v. Smt. Madurima Singh), Writ Appeal No. 726/2016 (State of M.P. v. uuuu Siyaram Sahu), Writ Appeal No. 727/2016 (State of M.P. v. Ku. Shikha Khare), Writ Appeal No. 728/2016 (State of M.P. v. Smt. Usha Awasthy) and Writ Appeal No. 745/2016 (State of M.P. v. Smt. Durga Jaiswal), has referred the following questions for the opinion of the Larger Bench :
(1) Whether the writ-petitioners who are not designated and classified in the cadre of a `teacher' under relevant Recruitment Rules but, are engaged in teaching or imparting training, can be held to be a `teacher' for the purpose of the age of superannuation under Fundamental Rule 56?
(2) Whether training centres, nursing centres, vocational training centres and Yoga centres of the State Government can be held to be an `educational institution' for extending the benefit of age of superannuation to a person imparting training in these institutions, under Fundamental Rule 56?
3. Learned Advocate General appearing for the appellants-State submits that the services of all the writ petitioners are governed by Madhya Pradesh Panchayat and Social Welfare Class-III (Executive) Service Recruitment Rules, 1967 (for short “the Rules”) as the writ petitioners are appointed in the Social Welfare Department. It is contended that there is no writ petition relating to Nursing Centres or Yoga Centres, therefore, Question No.(2) requires to be modified so as to delete the reference made to Nursing Centres and Yoga Centres. Since there is no dispute regarding the said fact, therefore, Question No.(2) stands modified to that extent.
4. The facts, in brief, leading to the present reference are that the writpetitioner was appointed in the office of Women and Child Development Department on 13.1.1981 as Junior Weaving Instructor. The petitioner asserts that he has been teaching the students of tailoring and cutting and the job assigned to the petitioner was to give training to the students in the Training Centre. Since the petitioner, as an Instructor, is a Teacher, therefore, he is entitled to extension in age of superannuation up to 62 years by virtue of the amendment in Fundamental Rule 56 vide section 2 of the Madhya Pradesh Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki-Ayu) Dwitiya Sanshodhan Adhiniyam, 1998 [M.P. Act No.27 of 1998] (for short “the Amending Act”), therefore, the order passed i.e. to retire him on attaining the age of 60 years is not legal.
5. It may be stated that initially Madhya Pradesh Shaskiya Sevak (Adhivarshiki-Ayu) Adhiniyam, 1967 [No. 29 of 1967] (for short “the Act”) was enacted to fix the age of superannuation of the employees of the State. Such Act was amended by M.P. Act No. 35 of 1984, w.e.f. 5.9.1984 which provided that every Government teacher shall retire from service on the afternoon of the last day of the month in which he attains the age of 60 years while 58 was the age of superannuation of other Government servants. By virtue of the Amending Act (M.P. Act No. 27 of 1998), the following amendment was carried out by which the age of retirement of Teachers was extended to 62 years while age of other Government servants was fixed at 60 years. The relevant clause of the Amending Act read as under :
“2. Amendment of Fundamental Rule 56 as substituted by section 2 of the Madhya Pradesh Act No.29 of 1967.
*** *** ***
“(1-a) Subject to the provis
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