IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH
Binod Kumar Dwivedi, J.
Hemendra v. Dheeraj (Since Deceased) Now LRs. (A) Jayesh Modi & Others
Miscellaneous Petition No. 565 of 2026 (Indore): against the orders dated 19.1.2026 and 21.1.2026; Decided on 29.1.2026
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Civil P.C. 1908 -- O. 18 R. 17 -- recall and re-examination of witness -- documents shown and admitted while cross-examining defendant witness were neither produced with plaint, nor with application under O. 7 R. 14 before recording plaintiff's evidence -- defendant did not have any occasion to cross-examine plaintiff with regard to said documents which relate to health status of executant of Will -- application under O. 18 R. 17 should have been allowed to afford reasonable and proper opportunity of defending to defendant -- plaintiff should have been recalled for further cross-examination only with respect to said documents -- trial Court shall provide opportunity to defendant for cross-examining plaintiff -- thereafter, if opportunity to examine attesting witness is given, no prejudice will be caused to plaintiff, rather it will assist Court in adjudicating real controversy -- trial Court committed error in dismissing application under O. 18 R. 17 and closing defendant's right to examine attesting witness -- trial Court directed to call plaintiff for further cross-examination with regard to said documents and further to give one opportunity to defendant to examine any attesting witness of Will as per sweet will of defendant. [Paras 5 to 8]
ORDER
1. This Miscellaneous Petition has been preferred under Article 227 of the Constitution of India assailing the legality and validity of the impugned order dated 19.1.2026 (Annexure P/1) passed on application filed under Order 18 rule 17 CPC whereby prayer to recall the plaintiff for his further cross-examination on the documents which were shown and exhibited during cross-examination of defendant's witness Himendra (DW-1) and similarly another order dated 21.1.2026 (Annexure P/2) passed on application under Order 17 rule 1 CPC whereby right to examine defendant's witness Narendra, who is a attesting witness of the Will disputed in the instant Civil Suit has been closed.
2. Learned senior counsel for the petitioner submits that in the present suit RCS No. 49-A/2022 which has been filed by the respondent/plaintiff in the learned trial Court challenging the Will dated 8.3.2014 which was executed by mother of the plaintiff in defendant's favour. Learned senior counsel further submits that plaintiff did not file any document with regard to showing health condition of the mother before execution of the aforesaid Will neither with the plaint nor after filing of the plaint under Order 7 rule 14 of CPC and these documents were directly filed at the time of cross-examination of the defendant's witness Hemendra, therefore, defendant has no occasion to cross-examine or ask any question on these documents, therefore, this application under Order 18 rule 17 was filed. That application should have been allowed to afford reasonable and proper opportunity of hearing to the defendant also. Learned trial Court has rejected the application which is bad in law as it is directly affecting the rights of the defendant to defend himself properly. Hence, prays for allowing the application by setting aside the impugned order and recalling the plaintiff Jayesh only to put questions with regard to the documents which have been shown and admitted through the defendant's witness Hemendra during his cross-examination.
3. Similarly, learned counsel also assailed the impugned order dated 21.1.2026 (Annexure P/2) whereby right to produce attesting witness of the Will namely, Narendra has been closed. Learned senior counsel submits that if petition is allowed, plaintiff will come for his cross-examination with regard to the aforesaid documents, therefore, closing right of the defendant (petitioner herein) to examine attesting witness is also not proper and it is not going to adversely affect the plaintiff, rather it will adversely affect the defendant if he could not examine attesting witness as Will is required to be proved by examining at least one attesting witness as provided under section 63(c) of the Indian Succession Act, 1925. Section 67 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam which provides that document which is required to be attested shall not be used as evidence unless it is proved by calling at least one attesting witness. On these submissions, learned counsel prays for allowing the petition by setting the impugned orders and directing the learned trial Court to call plaintiff for re-examination on those documents mentioned as herein-above and also afford one opportunity to examine attesting witness of the Will.
4. Heard and considered the submissions made by learned counsel for the petitioner and perused the record.
5. From perusal of the record, it is apparent that documents which were shown and admitted while cross-examining the defendant witness Hemendra were neither produced with the plaint nor after that with the application under Order 7 rule 14 of CPC before recording of plaintiff's evidence, therefore, defendant was not having any occasion to cross-examine the plaintiff with regard to the aforesaid documents which relates to the health status of the executant of the Will.
6. In the considered view of this Court, in such a situation, to afford reasonable and and proper opportunity of defending to the defendant in the suit, application under Order 18
Conducting cross examination in a suit is a specialized job. It is only with experience that a counsel develops skills for cross examination. Different Advocates may conduct cross-examination in diff....
Litigants are bound by the conduct of their advocates, and CPC provisions cannot be used to remedy previous evidential deficiencies.
In testamentary proceedings, the court has discretion to allow examination of attesting witnesses before the party, aligning with provisions for proving the execution of a Will.
The power to recall a witness under Order 18 Rule 17 CPC is intended to clarify doubts and not to fill omissions in evidence or to allow for further elaboration on left-out issues.
A party cannot reopen evidence on grounds of prior counsel's negligence; integrity of trial procedures must be upheld.
Once that Will is brought on record in evidence, the appellants/respondents would still retain their right to question the respondent/petitioner on the validity of the execution of the same, particul....
The court upheld the trial court's discretion under Order XVI Rule 14, emphasizing that the necessity to summon a party must be convincingly established.
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