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2025 Supreme(Mad) 5064

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
S.M. SUBRAMANIAM, K. RAJASEKAR, JJ.
The Tahsildar, Sankarapuram, Kallakurichi District – Appellant
Versus
T. Elumalai – Respondent
W.A. No. 1014 of 2025, C.M.P. Nos. 8262, 9555 of 2025
Decided On : 03-06-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants : R. Ramanlaal, T. Arun Kumar
For the Respondents: M. Ganesan, S. Swami Subramaniam

Mere occupation of Natham land does not confer ownership; legal title must stem from lawful government grant. Forged documents undermine claims.

Headnote:(A) Revenue Standing Orders (RSO) - RSO 21 - Classification of land - Natham land is designated for housing but cannot confer title without government authority. Appellant (Tahsildar) contended that Respondent's (Elumalai) application for patta was rejected as the land was wrongly claimed. Court found Respondent's documents were forged. (Paras 2, 3, 5, 8, 18, 70, 74)

(B) Administrative law - Entitlement to land - Appellate authority reiterated that mere occupation does not confer rights; illegality of claims harms public interest. (Paras 22, 72)

Facts of the case:
Respondent applied for electricity service; Tahsildar classified land as Government Poromboke (Natham) and rejected the application, citing possession of illegal documents. Writ Court initially ruled in favor of Respondent.

Findings of Court:
Court directed the Tahsildar to issue patta with consideration of fraudulent documents submitted by Respondent.

Issues: Can a person claim ownership of Natham land solely through occupancy without formal government grant? Findings should also consider illegal manipulation of land records.

Ratio Decidendi: Court emphasized that mere possession or occupation of Natham land does not confer a legal title; rights arise from lawful government grants, thus setting aside the Writ Court's decision.

Result: Writ appeal allowed, previous order set aside.

Table of Content
1. writ petition background and order details. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. appeal procedure and court directions. (Para 5 , 6 , 7)
3. arguments against issuing patta for natham land. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
4. respondent's arguments on land ownership. (Para 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)
5. ownership of natham land cannot be claimed by occupation. (Para 21 , 22)
6. government's authority over natham land clarified. (Para 23 , 24)
7. definition and significance of grama natham. (Para 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30)
8. disposal procedures for grama natham by the state. (Para 31 , 32 , 33 , 34)
9. clarification on ownership versus mere occupation. (Para 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39)
10. discussion of judicial precedents affecting natham land. (Para 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45)
11. government ownership and regulatory rights on natham lands. (Para 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51)
12. past court rulings concerning land ownership. (Para 52 , 53)
13. historical perspective on natham land rights. (Para 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58)
14. judgment analysis regarding compensation laws. (Para 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63)
15. revisiting judicial decisions on natham land regulation. (Para 64 , 65 , 66 , 67)
16. outcome of the current case on fraudulent document usage. (Para 68 , 69 , 70)
17. final judgment and rationale regarding natham land. (Para 71 , 72 , 73)

JUDGMENT :

S.M. SUBRAMANIAM, J.

1. Under assail is the order dated 12.09.2024 passed in W.P.No.33767 of 2022. The appellant before this Court is the 3rd respondent in the writ petition.

2. The 1st respondent, Mr.T.Elumalai instituted the writ proceedings in W.P.No.33767 of 2022, seeking an electricity service connection for the disputed subject property from the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. The respondents 2 and 3 representing the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board, called for information from the appellant/Tahsildar, about the subject land in question.

3. In response, the appellant informed that the land in question is classified as “Government Poromboke Vacant Natham”. Relying on the report of the appellant, the respondents 2 and 3 rejected the application submitted by the 1st respondent seeking electricity service connection. Consequently, the 1st respondent filed the writ petition challenging the order of rejection.

4. The learned Single Judge impleaded the appellant as the 3rd respondent in the writ petition and consequently issued a direction to grant patta in favour of the 1st respondent vide order dated 30.06.2023. On examining the documents submitted by the 1st respondent, the appellant found them to be forged and fabricated. A report was submitted to the District Collector, Kallakurichi, who in turn passed an order vide proceedings dated 09.10.2023, refusing to issue patta in favour of the 1st respondent.

5. The appellant preferred an appeal in W.A.No.533 of 2024 to set aside the order dated 30.06.2023 passed in W.P.No.33767 of 2022, mainly on the ground that no opportunity was given by the Writ Court to the appellant/Tahsildar before issuing a direction to grant patta in favour of the 1st respondent. The Division Bench of this Court set aside the writ order impugned and remitted the matter back to the learned Single Judge for fresh consideration.

6. The learned Single Judge re-considered the writ petition in pursuance of the directions issued by the Division Bench and allowed the writ petition by issuing a direction to the appellant/Tahsildar to issue patta in favour of the 1st respondent within a period of four weeks. The Court also directed the respondents 2 and 3 herein to entertain the application seeking electricity service connection and provide the same. Additionally, a direction was issued to the District Collector to initiate action against the Revenue Officials, who have failed to issue patta without following the provisions of the Revenue Standing Orders (RSO).

7. The Writ Court further observed that if the land is required for public purposes, it may be acquired by following the due process

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