S.S.SANDHAWALIA, J.

1. Whether a public servant is entitled to a writ of mandamus for the payment of salary to him for work done despite the fact that his letter of appointment was forged, fraudulent or an illegal one - is the significant question in this set of 13 connected writ petitions referred for an authoritative decision to the Full Bench. Equally at issue is some cleavage of judicial opinion on this point within this Court.

2. The broad matrix of relevant facts may be noticed from C.W.J.C. No. 6061 of 1985, (Ram Mohan Mandal V/s. State of Bihar) with a brief reference to those in C.W.J.C. No. 4813 of 1985, (Rita Mishra V/s. Director, Primary Education) which now remain for adjudication as the other cases were withdrawn at the close of arguments. It emerges from the pleadings that the erstwhile district of Santhal Praganas was carved into four districts including that of Sahebganj. At the material time in 1981-83 the District Superintendent of Education, Sahebganj was one Shri Bhola Ram to whom detailed reference follows hereinafter. In exercise of the powers under S.8 of the Bihar Government Elementary Schools (Take Over and Control) Act, 1976 the Government issued notification dated the 15th Dec., 1981 (Annexure-A to counter-affidavit) laying down in detail the procedure for selection and appointment of the teachers of an elementary school. Thereby, the power of appointment of elementary school teachers was clearly vested in the District Establishment Committee. The procedure prescribed was that the said committee after going through the prescribed procedure of advertisement, selection, etc., would prepare a list of selected candidates and submit the same to the Regional Deputy Director, who was required to carefully scrutinise the same and forward it to the Divisional Commissioner for his approval. The list of such approved candidates was then required to be sent to the District Superintendent of Education who was to issue the appointment letters strictly according to the serial number of names mentioned in the approved list. In view of the International Handicap Year 1981, by another order 50 per cent of the existing vacancies were earmarked to be filled up by handicapped persons and with certain marginal modifications the prescribed procedure was equally applicable to them. It would appear that there were a very large number of vacancies running into a thousand or more against which the appointments were made. However, later, it came to the notice of the authorities that certain forged and bogus letters of appointment had been engineered on the basis of which some persons were claiming to have been appointed and were making a demand for the payment of their salaries. A searching enquiry was consequently got conducted which revealed that Shri Bhola Ram, the District Superintendent of Education, Sahebganj, who was the kingpin of a conspiracy, had, in consideration of illegal gratification received, engineered the issuance of innumerable forged, bogus and fraudulent letters of appointment and unauthorised persons were allowed to join the teachers posts by dubious means. Consequently, the said Bhola Ram was suspended and a criminal case against him for serious offences was registered. Later investigations disclosed the collusion and connivance of other local officers apart from the appointees to the posts and a chargesheet was submitted also against Shri Gopi Krishna Jha Deputy Inspector of Schools, Sahebgani, Shri Chandra Mohan Singh, Block Education Extension Officer, Pakur. Shri Anandi Lal Poddar, clerk in the office of the District Superintendent of Education, Sahebganj, Shri Nishi Kant Jha, Headmaster, and a number of others for being party and privy to a deep-rooted and wide-ranging criminal conspiracy in the whale transaction. The said criminal case is apparently yet under trial.

3. The writ petitioners herein belong to the dubious class of the aforesaid appointees to the posts of elementary school teach