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Checking relevance for R. Kandasamy (Since Dead) VS T. R. K. Sarawathy...

2024 8 Supreme 684 : Under the Specific Relief Act, 1963, a party seeking specific performance must be the plaintiff in a suit for specific performance of an agreement to sell. The plaintiff must prove that they have performed or have always been ready and willing to perform the essential terms of the contract, other than those prevented or waived by the defendant. The remedy is discretionary and equitable, and the court must consider the plaintiff''''s conduct, financial capacity, and readiness to perform throughout the period from the execution of the agreement to the date of the decree. The right to seek specific performance is not automatic and depends on the plaintiff satisfying statutory requirements under Sections 16(c), 20, 21, 22, and 23 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963, including pleading and proving readiness and willingness to perform, actual performance, and equity considerations.Checking relevance for Kamal Kant Jain VS Surinder Singh (D) Thr. LRs. ...

2017 0 Supreme(SC) 1176 : Under Section 23 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963, and as clarified in the judgment in Man Kaur (Dead) by Lrs. Vs. Hartar Singh Sangha, 2010 (10) SCC 512, a plaintiff can seek specific performance of a contract of sale relating to immovable property even if the contract does not contain a specific provision for specific performance. The law makes it clear that if the legal requirements for seeking specific enforcement are met, specific performance may be granted despite the absence of such a clause. Therefore, the aggrieved party (typically the purchaser) who has fulfilled their obligations or is ready and willing to perform can seek specific performance.Checking relevance for Sardar Singh VS Krishna Devi...

1994 0 Supreme(SC) 484 : Under Section 12(1) of the Specific Relief Act, 1963, the Court shall not direct the specific performance of a part of a contract, except as provided in Section 12(4). Section 12(4) states that when a part of the contract, taken by itself, can and ought to be specifically performed, and stands on a separate and independent footing from another part of the same contract that cannot or ought not to be specifically performed, the Court may direct specific performance of the former part. This indicates that a party seeking specific performance must be a party to a valid and enforceable contract, and in cases where the contract is divisible, a party may seek performance of a part of the contract if it is independent and capable of specific performance. Additionally, the court may not grant specific performance if the title is doubtful or if the defendant has a right to rescind due to misrepresentation or non-disclosure. Thus, only a party with a valid, enforceable contract and a right to performance (including partial performance under Section 12(4)) can seek specific performance.Checking relevance for Man Kaur (Dead) By Lrs. VS Hartar Singh Sangha...

Checking relevance for Kisan Sahkari Chini Mills Ltd. VS Vardan Linkers...

2008 0 Supreme(SC) 654 : A party to a contract who is seeking to enforce the contract specifically may seek specific performance, provided the contract is capable of being specifically enforced in law. The remedy of specific performance is available to a party complaining of breach of contract when the contract is capable of specific enforcement, and the court must first determine whether there is a valid contract by examining the parties, offer, acceptance, and validity of the agreement.Checking relevance for Katta Sujatha Reddy VS Siddamsetty Infra Projects Pvt. Ltd. ...

Checking relevance for Jagdish Singh VS Natthu Singh...

1991 0 Supreme(SC) 663 : Under Section 21 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963, a plaintiff who has filed a suit for specific performance of a contract may seek compensation in lieu of or in addition to specific performance, even if the contract has become incapable of specific performance through no fault of the plaintiff. The right to seek specific performance is available to a party who has a valid contract and is ready and willing to perform their part of the agreement. The courts may allow amendment of the plaint to claim compensation under Section 21, even at a later stage, provided the plaintiff has not abandoned the relief of specific performance. The jurisdiction to award compensation under Section 21 is not precluded by the impossibility of specific performance, as long as the plaintiff is not at fault for such impossibility.

• Discretionary Nature of Specific Performance - Courts are not bound to grant specific performance solely because it is lawful; the relief is discretionary, and circumstances under Section 20(2)(b) of the Specific Relief Act may render it inequitable to do so. Factors such as fairness, conduct of parties, and existing equities influence the decision ["2025 0 Supreme(Kar) 59"], ["2025 0 Supreme(Mad) 3200"].

• Legal Conditions and Barriers - For a decree of specific performance, certain legal conditions must be satisfied, including proper execution of agreements, framing of issues on readiness and willingness, and absence of statutory bars under Section 16 of the Act. Non-compliance or existence of bars can lead to dismissal or denial of relief ["2024 0 Supreme(All) 1715"], ["

  Gangadhar VS Bhagwan - Bombay

  "], ["2022 0 Supreme(Bom) 1755"].

• Importance of Proper Evidence and Documentation - Courts emphasize the need for proper, valid documentation and evidence. The absence of written counterclaims or failure to discuss relevant points raised orally can be grounds for dismissing claims. Additional documents and material must be duly considered to justify granting specific performance ["2025 0 Supreme(Kar) 59"], ["

  Gangadhar VS Bhagwan - Bombay

  "].

• Timeliness and Laches - Delay in filing suits, such as a lapse of decades, can be a significant factor against granting specific performance, as courts consider whether the claim is equitable and whether the delay causes prejudice or injustice ["2024 0 Supreme(Ker) 630"].

• Judicial Discretion and Case-specific Factors - Courts analyze case-specific circumstances, including whether the plaintiff was a bona fide purchaser, the existence of any agreements or contracts, and whether the contract is still valid or has ceased to exist. The courts exercise discretion based on these nuances ["2024 0 Supreme(Mad) 247"], ["2025 0 Supreme(Gau) 864"].

• Procedural Aspects and Framing of Issues - Proper framing of issues, consideration of pleadings, oral and documentary evidence, and adherence to procedural rules like Order 41 Rule 27 are critical in determining the appropriateness of granting specific performance ["2024 0 Supreme(Kar) 419"], ["2024 0 Supreme(Mad) 247"].

• Impact of Acquisition and Non-existence of Agreement - If the property has been acquired by others or the agreement is non-existent or invalid, courts will deny specific performance, emphasizing the need for valid, enforceable contracts ["2024 0 Supreme(All) 1715"], ["2025 0 Supreme(Gau) 864"].

• Summary - The main points highlight that specific performance is an equitable, discretionary remedy, contingent upon satisfying legal conditions, proper evidence, and case-specific equities. Courts carefully consider procedural compliance, delay, and the validity of agreements before granting such relief.

References:- 2025 0 Supreme(Kar) 59- 2024 0 Supreme(All) 1715-

Gangadhar VS Bhagwan - Bombay