1. Seizure of vehicle for transporting liquor without permit under Gujarat Prohibition Act — Application for release of vehicle. (Para 1 , 2 )
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2024 Supreme(SC) 321
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
BELA M. TRIVEDI, PANKAJ MITHAL, JJ.
Khengarbhai Lakhabhai Dambhala - Appellant
Versus
The State Of Gujarat – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 1547 Of 2024
Decided On : 08-04-2024
Important Points
IMPORTANT POINTS
(1) Release of seized vehicle – It is criminal court before whom property in question is sought to be produced, would have jurisdiction and power to pass appropriate orders for proper custody or disposal of such property.
(2) Seizure would be a preliminary step that would lead to confiscation of an article seized.
(1) Release of seized vehicle – It is criminal court before whom property in question is sought to be produced, would have jurisdiction and power to pass appropriate orders for proper custody or disposal of such property.
(2) Seizure would be a preliminary step that would lead to confiscation of an article seized.
Subject
Criminal Law - Criminal Procedure
Act Referred
Headnote
(A) Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Section 451 – Gujarat Prohibition Act 1949 – Sections 98 (2) and 132 – Release of seized vehicle – If property is subject to speedy and natural decay, or if it is otherwise expedient so to do, Court may after recording such evidence as it thinks necessary, order it to be sold or otherwise disposed of – It is criminal court before whom property in question is sought to be produced, would have jurisdiction and power to pass appropriate orders for proper custody of such property or for selling or disposing of such property, having regard to nature of property in question, after recording evidence in that regard – When there is a specific statutory provision contained in Cr.P.C. empowering criminal court to pass appropriate order for proper custody and disposal of property pending inquiry or trial, appellant could not have invoked extraordinary jurisdiction of High Court under Article 226 of Constitution of India seeking release of his vehicle – Appeal dismissed – Appellant given liberty to approach concerned Court. (Paras 5, 6, 16 and 17)
(B) Criminal Law – Confiscation and Seizure – Word “confiscation” means seizure of property for public treasury or seizure of property by actual or supposed authority and word “seizure” means an act or an instance of taking possession of a person or property by legal right or process – Seizure would be a preliminary step that would lead to confiscation of an article seized – Power to seize an article may be exercised by statutory authorities like police personnel, prohibition officers, revenue authorities etc. in accordance with concerned Statutes, whereas power of confiscation is normally exercised by jurisdictional Courts in accordance with provisions of concerned Statutes. (Para 10)
Facts of the case:
Appellant, claiming to be owner of the vehicle, seized as Muddamal Article in connection with FIR for offence Under Section 65- (a)(e),81,98(2),116(2) of Gujarat Prohibition Act and U/s 465, 468, 471, 114 of IPC registered with Pardi Police Station, District Valasad, had filed Special Criminal Application No.6465 of 2023 before High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad seeking release of said vehicle. Said Application having been dismissed by High Court vide impugned order dated 08.06.2023, present Appeal has been filed.
Findings of Court:
Appeal deserves to be dismissed and is hereby dismissed. It shall be open for Appellant to approach concerned Court where property/vehicle in question is sought to be produced during course of inquiry or trial.
Result : Appeal dismissed.
Legal Category Hierarchy
Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant(s) : Ms. Disha Singh , AOR
For the Respondent(s): Ms. Swati Ghildiyal , AOR
For the Appellant(s) : Ms. Disha Singh , AOR
For the Respondent(s): Ms. Swati Ghildiyal , AOR
Table of Contents
2. State contends Section 98(2) of Gujarat Prohibition Act prohibits release of vehicle until final judgment if seized liquor exceeds prescribed quantity. (Para 3 )
3. The appellant bypassed the statutory remedy under Section 451 CrPC by directly invoking the extraordinary jurisdiction of the High Court under Article 226/227. (Para 6 , 16 )
4. When a specific statutory provision like Section 451 CrPC empowers a criminal court to order custody of property, the extraordinary jurisdiction of the High Court cannot be invoked. (Para 6 , 16 )
5. Appeal dismissed; appellant granted liberty to approach the concerned criminal court for release of the vehicle. (Para 17 , 18 )
6. What is the proper legal remedy for seeking the release of a vehicle seized during a criminal investigation pending trial?
The proper course of action is to approach the concerned criminal court under Section 451 of the Cr.P.C., which empowers the court to make orders for the proper custody and disposal of property produced before it pending the conclusion of the inquiry or trial. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 )
7. How do Section 98 and Section 132 of the Gujarat Prohibition Act operate regarding seized articles?
Section 98 deals with the confiscation of articles. Section 132 outlines the procedure for seizure, where articles are either forwarded to a Magistrate as evidence or to a Collector for confiscation if not required as evidence. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 )
8. What is the legal distinction between seizure and confiscation of property?
Seizure is a preliminary step where statutory authorities take possession of property by legal right or process. Confiscation is the subsequent legal process normally exercised by jurisdictional courts to seize property for the public treasury or authority. (Para 10 )
JUDGMENT :
Bela M. Trivedi, J.
1. The appellant, claiming to be the owner of the vehicle being Eicher 10.80 (Blue) bearing no. GJ 05-BT-0899, seized as Muddamal Article in connection with the FIR bearing Criminal No.11200038231465/2023, for the offence Under Section 65- (a)(e),81,98(2),116(2) of Gujarat Prohibition Act and U/s 465, 468, 471, 114 of IPC registered with the Pardi Police Station, District Valasad, had filed the Special Criminal Application No.6465 of 2023 before the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad seeking release of the said vehicle. The said Application having been dismissed by the High Court vide the impugned order dated 08.06.2023, the present Appeal has been filed.
2. In the instant case, it appears that the police personnel when they were on patrolling duty had intercepted the vehicle in question on the basis of a secret information received by them. It was alleged that the driver of the said vehicle was carrying English Liquor (1240.200 litres) worth of rupees 7 lakhs in the said vehicle without any pass or permit. The said vehicle along with the liquor was seized and the aforestated FIR was registered against the accused Lakhabhai Khengarbhai (the son of the present appellant), and others on 29.04.2023 at the Police Station Pardi, Valasad.
3. The respondent – State of Gujarat by filing the counter-affidavit has contented inter alia that Section 98 (2) of the Gujarat Prohibition Act 1949 (hereinafter referred to as the said ‘Act’) forbids the release of such vehicle till the final judgment of the Court, where the quantity of seized liquor is exceeding the quantity prescribed by the Rules. In the instant case, the seized quantity of liquor was 1240 litres as against the prescribed quantity of 20 litres as per the Notification dated 02.07.2019, and hence the said vehicle was liable for the confiscation and could not be released on bond or surety till the final judgment of the court.
4. At the outset, it may be noted that Chapter XXXIV of Cr.P.C deals with the disposal of the property. Section 451 thereof pertains to the order to be passed by the Criminal Court for custody and disposal of the property produced before the court pending an inquiry or trial, whereas Section 452 pertains to the order to be passed for the disposal or confiscation of the property at the conclusion of the trial. Section 451 reads as under: -
“451. Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial in certain cases. —
When any property is produced before any Criminal Court during any inquiry or trial, the Court may make such order as it thinks fit for the proper custody of such property pending the conclusion of the inquiry or trial, and, if the property is subject to speedy and natural decay, or if it is otherwise expedient so to do, the Court may, after recording such evidence as it thinks necessary, order it to be sold or otherwise disposed of.
Explanation.— For the purposes of this section, “property” includes—
(a) property of any kind or document which is produced before the Court or which is in its custody;
(b) any property regarding which an offence appears to have been committed or which appears to have been used for the commission of any offence.”
5. From the bare reading of the aforesaid provision, it clearly transpires that when any property is produced before any criminal court during the course of inquiry or trial, the Court is required to make such order as it thinks fit for the proper custody of such property pending the conclusion of the inquiry or the trial. If the property is subject to speedy and natural decay, or if it is otherwise expedient so to do, the Court may after recording such evidence as it thinks necessary, order it to be sold or otherwise disposed of. Thus, it is the criminal court, before whom the property in question is sought to be produced, would have the jurisdiction and the power to pass appropriate orders for the proper custody of such property or for selling or disposing of such property,
