SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
B.R. Gavai, Aravind Kumar, K.V. Viswanathan, JJ.
Eknath Kisan Kumbharkar – Appellant
Versus
State Of Maharashtra – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 4220 of 2024 (Arising out of the Special Leave Petition (Criminal) No. 251 of 2020)
Decided On : 16-10-2024
Murder - IPC Sections 302, 316, 364 - The court discussed the provisions of the Indian Penal Code regarding murder, causing death of an unborn child, and kidnapping, emphasizing the necessity of establishing motive and the reliability of eyewitness testimony in affirming the conviction.
Fact of the Case:
The appellant was charged with murdering his pregnant daughter after taking her under false pretenses. The prosecution presented evidence from multiple witnesses, including the appellant's wife, who testified to the motive stemming from the daughter's inter-caste marriage.
Finding of the Court:
The court found the testimonies of the prosecution witnesses credible and established a clear motive for the appellant's actions, leading to the conclusion that the appellant was guilty of the charges.
Issues: Whether the prosecution proved the motive for the murder and the reliability of the eyewitness testimony.
Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the conviction can be based on the testimony of a sole eyewitness if it is credible and corroborated by other evidence, and that the absence of independent witnesses does not automatically undermine the prosecution's case.
Result: The appeal is partly allowed; the death penalty is converted to 20 years of rigorous imprisonment without remission.
JUDGMENT :
Aravind Kumar, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. The sole accused who is the appellant before us was charged for murdering his pregnant daughter and being dissatisfied with the judgement dated 06/08/2019 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Bombay in Confirmation Case No.3 of 2017, by which the High Court confirmed the judgement and order of death sentence awarded by the Trial Court for the offences punishable under Section 302, Section 316 (10 years rigorous imprisonment and fine of Rs.5,000/-) and Section 364 (life imprisonment) of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, the present appeal has been preferred.
BRIEF FACTS
3. As per the case of the prosecution, the deceased Pramila was the daughter of appellant/accused and PW1/Smt. Aruna Kumbharkar and she is said to have married Mr. Deepak Kamble in the year 2013 against the wishes of her father and it was an inter-caste marriage. On 28/06/2013 at 5:30 AM, the appellant is said to have left his house and travelled in the auto rickshaw of PW2/Complainant/Pramod Ahire by informing him that his brother Navnath had met with an accident and requested PW2 to go to Kailash Nagar, Nandurnaka. Appellant is said to have informed PW2 on the way that there was no incident of accident of his brother, however, his mother was serious, and her last wish was to see her granddaughter Ms. Pramila. Hence, they proceeded to the house of Pramila and, appellant is said to have informed Pramila’s mother-in-law/Sangita Kamble/PW3 that the health of his mother had deteriorated and she was in serious condition and she was longing to meet Pramila. PW3 is said to have informed the appellant that Pramila was nine months pregnant and that she had an appointment with the Doctor at 11:00 AM. However, the appellant is said to have promised to get Pramila back by 10:00 AM and accordingly appellant and PW2 took her in the autorickshaw to Savkar Hospital. When they reached near the hospital, the appellant told the PW2/Complainant that his maternal uncle is working in Savkar Hospital as a watchman and instructed PW2 to secure him. Accordingly, PW2 entered inside the hospital and called him and there was no response and after some time it was intimated by the ward boy of the hospital that watchman whom the PW2 was searching was not working there. Thereafter PW2 returned towards his auto rickshaw and at that point of time he saw, Pramila lying down on the lap of the appellant in the auto rickshaw and her neck was being strangulated by a rope in the hand of the appellant and he found foam was oozing out from her mouth. PW2 rushed towards the autorickshaw and questioned the appellant and was informed that he was not concerned with the consequence as she had spoiled his reputation. PW2 started screaming and people from nearby area came near the autorickshaw but did not lend any helping hand. Thereafter PW2 dragged the appellant out of autorickshaw. PW2 is said to have attempted to save Pramila by dragging the appellant away from her and at that point of time appellant is said to have ran away from the spot. PW2 immediately took her to Savkar Hospital and the doctor informed him to take her to civil hospital as it was a police case. Hence, PW2 immediately took her to civil hospital where the doctor declared Pramila as dead. Subsequently, PW2 lodged a police complaint and on the basis of the same, police registered an FIR in CR No.159/2013.
4. After due investigation, the charge-sheet came to be filed against appellant under Sections 302, 316 and 364 of IPC. The case was committed to the Court of Session. The Trial Court framed charges against the appellant for offences punishable under Section 302, 316 and 364 of IPC and after pleading not guilty, he came to be tried for the aforesaid offences.
5. To prove the charges against the accused, the prosecution examined 10 witnesses. After closure of evidence of the prosecution, further statement of the accused under Section 313 CrPC was recorded. The case of the accused was of a total
Guru Dutt Pathak v. State of Uttar Pradesh
Dandu Jaggaraju v State of A.P.
Vadivelu Thevar and another Vs. State of Madras AIR 1957 SC 614 [Para 12]
Rohtash Kumar v State of Haryana
Manoj Suryavanshi v State of Chhattisgarh
Madan v State of Uttar Pradesh, 2023 SCC Online SC 1473 [Paras 24
Bachan Singh v State of Punjab (1980) 2 SCC 684 [Para 24]
Swamy Shraddananda (2) v. State of Karnataka
Shankar Kisanrao Khade v. State of Maharasthra
Gandi Doddabasappa alias Gandhi Basavaraj v. State of Karnataka
The court affirmed that a conviction can stand on credible eyewitness testimony, even in the absence of corroborating evidence, provided the motive is established.
The court established that motive and corroborative evidence are crucial in murder cases, and the death penalty should only be imposed in the rarest of rare cases.
The court ruled that corroborative evidence is essential in murder cases, especially when convicting based on eyewitness testimony.
Prosecution must prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt; lack of motive and unreliable witness testimonies undermine conviction.
(1) Evidence is only to be weighed and not to be counted – It is essentially, for prosecution to decide as to how many witnesses are to be examined to establish its case on any particular point.(2) D....
(1) Death sentence should not be imposed where accused is not a hardened criminal and there is possibility of his reformation.(2) Appreciation of evidence – There are always normal discrepancies due ....
The imposition of the death penalty requires the statutory provision of special reasons, and a balancing of aggravating and mitigating circumstances must be conducted.
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