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2026 Supreme(SC) 136

B. V. NAGARATHNA, UJJAL BHUYAN
Pramod Kumar Navratna – Appellant
Versus
State Of Chhattisgarh – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Petitioner(s): Mr. Jugul Kishor Gupta, AOR
For the Respondent(s): Mr. Praneet Pranav, D.A.G. Mr. Vinayak Sharma, Standing Counsel, Adv. Mr. Ravinder Kumar Yadav, AOR Mr. Kshitiz Aggarwal, Adv. Mr. Yashvardhan Shah, Adv. Dr. Rajesh Pandey, Sr. Adv. Ms. Ayushi Pandey, Adv. Mr. Rishabh, Adv. Ms. Aswathi M.K., AOR

Judgement Key Points

Case Summary

  • Supreme Court appeal arising from High Court order refusing to quash FIR No.213/2025 under Section 376(2)(n) IPC for alleged rape on false promise of marriage (!) (!) (!) (!) .
  • Complainant is a 33-year-old advocate, married since 2011 with a 10-11-year-old son; divorce petition filed by husband in 2018, dismissed in 2024, appeal pending as of 2025 (!) .
  • Parties met at social event on 18.09.2022, developed mutual liking; complainant informed accused of her pending divorce proceedings (!) (!) .
  • FIR alleges accused raped complainant on 18.09.2022 at friend's house under pretext of documents, applied vermilion promising marriage; repeated physical relations with marriage assurances; forced abortion after pregnancy; family assaulted her on 27.01.2025 (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) .
  • Accused filed complaint on 06.02.2025 alleging harassment and blackmail by complainant demanding marriage (!) .
  • High Court granted anticipatory bail on 03.03.2025, noting consensual relationship given complainant's marital status; dismissed quashing petition same day (!) (!) .
  • Chargesheet filed 02.04.2025; Sessions Case No.89/2025 instituted (!) (!) .
  • Section 376(2)(n) IPC applies to repeated rape on same woman, requiring series of separate acts, often under deceit or coercion (!) (!) (!) .
  • Offence under Section 375 IPC requires promise of marriage made solely to obtain consent without intent to fulfill from beginning, directly vitiating consent (!) .
  • No prima facie case under Section 376(2)(n): consensual relationship turned acrimonious; complainant ineligible for marriage due to subsisting marriage (Hindu Marriage Act Section 5(i)); both parties aware of her status (!) (!) (!) .
  • Complainant, as advocate, should have exercised prudence before invoking criminal process (!) (!) .
  • No evidence of repeated coercion or deceit post-initial meetings; consent not vitiated by fraud (!) .
  • Rape charge, being grave, not for soured consensual adult relationships; misusing process burdens judiciary (!) (!) .
  • Proceedings quashed: allegations even at face value do not constitute offence (Bhajan Lal categories 1, 3) (!) (!) (!) (!) .

Holdings

  • Mere physical relations pursuant to marriage promise not rape in every case (!) (!) .
  • Rape invocable only for genuine violence, coercion, or lack of free consent; soured relationships trivialize offence, stigmatize accused (!) (!) .
  • Quashing warranted where no prima facie offence, even post-chargesheet (!) .

Result

  • Appeal allowed; FIR, chargesheet, Sessions Case quashed (!) (!) .

JUDGMENT :

NAGARATHNA, J.

Leave granted.

2. This appeal arises out of order dated 03.03.2025 passed by the High Court for the State of Chhattisgarh at Bilaspur in WPCR No.117/2025 dismissing the Writ Petition filed under Article 226 of Constitution of India preferred by the accused-appellant herein and thereby refusing to quash the proceedings arising out of the FIR No.213/2025 dated 06.02.2025 registered at Sarkanda Police Station, District Bilaspur under Section 376(2)(n) of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (for short, “IPC”) that was registered by the complainant-respondent No.3.

3. Briefly stated, the facts of the case are that the complainant- respondent No.3, an Advocate by profession, solemnized marriage with one Mitendra Kumar Dhirde on 02.06.2011 and subsequently gave birth to a boy named Ojash on 12.04.2012. Thereafter, owing to matrimonial discord between the couple, the husband sought divorce by filing the divorce petition Civil Case No.F/232A/2018 against the complainant-respondent No.3 on 10.12.2018 under Section 13(1)(ia) of Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 before the Family Court, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh. The contentions and grievances of the parties in the said divorce petition are n

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