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2023 Supreme(Pat) 297

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
MOHIT KUMAR SHAH, J.
CWJC No. 7851 of 2022
(20.7.2023)
Ravi Shankar & Anr. ... Petitioners
vs.
State of Bihar & Ors. ... Respondents

Advocates:
For the Petitioners: M/s Syed Alamdar Hussain, Sr. Adv., Syed Asgher Najmi, Alok Kumar.
For the State : M/s Dr. Anand Kumar, M.K. Tiwary.
For the Resp. No. 8 : M/s Bindhyachal Singh, Smriti Singh.

Headnote:

Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 – Sections 4, 11 & 32 and Bihar Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Rules, 2012 – Rules 21 & 22 – Protection of life and property of the older persons as also maintenance and welfare of parents and senior citizens who are in distress – petitioners assailing the order directing them to vacate rest house in question within one month and hand over the keys to father (respondents no. 8) apart from directions for protection of his life and property – Sections 4 and 22 of the application for children by senior citizens or parents, in as much as the 2007 Act is exacted for the benefit and protection of a senior citizen from his children or grandchildren – if the plea of petitioners that there being no provision under the Bihar Rules, Order of eviction could not have been passed is acceoted, then no senior citizen, who has been harassed and mentally tortured by his/her children or grandchildren, will be able to recover possession of his/her property from the children or grandchildren during his/her life time – if the private Respondent No. - 8, who is a senior citizen is asked to file a civil suit for recovery of possession of the property in question from the petitioners, who are not maintaining him, but are creating nuisance, the whole purpose and object of 2007 Act would stand frustrated, especially since the said Act, 2007 has an overriding effect qua any other enactment in view of Section 3 thereof – in fact, the civil court has been precluded from entertaining any matter qua which jurisdiction is vested under the 2007, and especially bars granting any injuction – petitioners are required to move out of premises in question to permit Respondent No. 8 to live in peace – Respondent No. 8 cannot be dispossessed by filling the title suit by the petitioners to thwart the legitimate and genuine right of the Respondent No. 8 – no infirmity or illegality in the impugned order so as to warrant any interference – Writ petition dismissed. (Paras 29 to 31)

(2021) 15 SCC 730, LPA No. 1588/2014 D/- 14.10.2014 (P & H), CWP No. 4744 of 2018 D/- 23.01.2020 (P & H), CWP No. 13505/2021 D/- 26.07.2021 (P & H), Cr.W. P. No. 5508/2018 D/- 11.03.2020 passes 6 to 13 (Bom), W.P. (C) No. 2761/2020 D.- 13.03.2020 (Delhi), 2013 SCC Online P & H 20369 Paras 2, 3, 15, 27, 34 to 41; 2021 SCC Online Bom 4575 Paras 2, 4, 11, 13, 16, 18 22 to 25; (2021) 15 SCC 730; Special Civil Application No. 13954/2012 D/- 18.10.2012 (All) paras 7 to 18, 2017 SCC Online Delhi 7451, 2018 SCC Online Del 11640 paras 20, 28, 41, 51, 65, 67, 68 & 71, 2019 SCC Online Del 8801 paras 63, 68 & 69, 2018 SCC Online Del 7626 paras 2, 3, 7, 16, 20, 21 to 23, 2018 SCC Online Del 11640 paras 1, 2, 6, 14, 18, 19, 20, 23, 32 and 34 – Referred.

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - The Act aims to protect life and property of senior citizens and provide maintenance; Section 3 grants overriding effect; Section 4 outlines maintenance obligations and living rights including residence rights (!) (!) (!) (!) . - Tribunal under the Act has the power to order eviction of a child/relative from property owned or possessed by a senior citizen to protect life and property, with overriding effect over other laws; Civil Court jurisdiction is barred in matters covered by the Act, and eviction can be contemplated under Section 23 with references to transfer of property including possession (!) (!) (!) (!) . - There is emphasis on balancing maintenance relief and eviction, recognizing that eviction can be an incident of enforcement of the right to maintenance and protection, though tensions with other statutes (e.g., DV/Shared household) may require harmonization (!) (!) (!) . - The Rules and action plans under the Act empower District Magistrates to ensure protection of life and property; eviction directions may be issued within the statutory framework when justified to protect the senior citizen’s rights (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) . - The judgment discusses liberal construction of the Act to further social welfare goals, including eviction where necessary to protect elders, while noting the need to consider competing remedies under other statutes in composite disputes (!) (!) (!) .

What is the scope of eviction power under Section 23 of the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007?

What is the relationship between maintenance and protection of life and property of senior citizens, and the jurisdiction of tribunals vs civil courts?

What are the rights of senior citizens to maintain life and property from heirs who reside in or possess their property?


Mohit Kumar Shah, J.—The present writ petition has been filed for quashing the order dated 16.4.2022, passed by the Chairman, Tribunal-cum-Sub-Divisional Officer, Patna Sadar, under the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 (hereinafter referred to as “the Act, 2007), in Tribunal Case No. 55 of 2021, whereby and whereunder the petitioners have been directed to vacate the rest house in question within one month and hand over the keys to the private Respondent No. 8, apart from certain directions having been issued for protection of life and property of the senior citizen i.e. the private Respondent No. 8. The petitioners have further prayed to direct the Respondent authorities to provide safety to the petitioners and their daughter as also ensure that they are not ousted from the house in question.

2. The brief facts of the case according to the petitioners are that the petitioner no. 1 is the son of the private Respondent No. 8 and the petitioner no. 2 is the legally wedded wife of the petitioner no. 1 and daughter-in-law of the private Respondent No. 8. It has been stated that the marriage of the petitioners no. 1 and 2 was solemnized on 14.6.2018, according to the Hindu Rites and Customs, whereafter the petitioner no. 2 has been living in matrimonial house along with her husband and out of the said wedlock, a daughter has been born. The petitioners have also stated that the private Respondent No. 8 filed a case under the provisions of the Act, 2007, before the learned Court of Sub-Divisional Officer, Patna Sadar, Patna, which was numbered as Tribunal Case No. 55 of 2021, however, the notice issued by the Tribunal, was issued on wrong address of the petitioner no. 2 and she was pressurized to accept the notice by sending arrest warrant, after institution of false criminal cases against the petitioners by the private Respondent No. 8. The petitioners are stated to have submitted their reply before the Chairman, Tribunal-cum-Sub-Divisional Officer, Patna Sadar, Patna i.e the Respondent No. 3, however, the same was not considered by him and instead he has passed the impugned order dated 16.4.2022, directing the petitioners to vacate the rest house in question.

3. The learned Senior Counsel for the petitioners has submitted that the private Respondent No. 8 stays in a separate residential flat, whereas the petitioners along with their three years old daughter are residing at Preeti Guest House, which has been purchased out of joint Hindu undivided funds, apart from the fact that the private Respondent No. 8 has number of other properties as well and the petitioners are being harassed only because they have solemnized inter-caste marriage, resulting in the private Respondent No. 8 being deprived of dowry. It is submitted that neither the said aspect of the matter has been considered by the Respondent No. 3 nor the detailed written statement, filed by the petitioners, have been considered by him and instead, an illegal and perverse order dated 16.4.2022 has been passed by the Respondent No. 3. It is further submitted that the maintenance Tribunal is not an eviction tribunal, inasmuch as though the Punjab and Delhi Rules provide for an action plan in which there is provision for eviction, however, in the Bihar Rules, there is no provision of eviction, hence, the Respondent No. 3 could not have passed an order for eviction of the petitioners from the Preeti Guest House.

4. The learned Senior Counsel for the petitioners has further contented that the private Respondent No. 8 is not dependent on the income from the three rooms of the aforesaid Preeti Guest House, in which the petitioners are staying, inasmuch as he is still having substantial income from 20 other rooms, situated in the said Preeti Guest House, apart from 21 shops, situated on the ground floor of the said building. It is also contended that a domestic violence case is also pending consideration before the learned Court of ACJM-II, Patna, bearing

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