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2025 Supreme(Chh) 444

HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR
Rajani Dubey, Amitendra Kishore Prasad, JJ.
Dilesh Nishad S/o Nrayan Nishad - Appellant
Versus
State Of Chhattisgarh Through Police Station Kharsiya - Respondent
CRA No. 1266 of 2019, CRA No. 1400 of 2019
Decided On : 23-07-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr. Rishi Rahul Soni & Mr. Vijay Kumar Kashyap, Advocates
For the Respondent: Ms. Nand Kumari Kashyap

The prosecution failed to prove the victim's minor status and the identity of the perpetrators, leading to the acquittal of the accused.

Headnote:(A) Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 - Section 3(2)(v) - Indian Penal Code - Section 376

(D) - Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 - Section 4 - Conviction and sentence by trial court under IPC and POCSO Act - Victim's age and credibility of evidence in question - Prosecution failed to conclusively establish victim's minor status and link accused to the crime due to absence of DNA evidence; appellate court finds trial court’s conviction unjustified, resultantly set aside conviction. (Paras 22, 23, 24)

(B) Criminal Procedure Code - Section 374(2) - Appeals - Legal basis for appeals against conviction - Conviction overturned when prosecution evidence is insufficient. (Paras 1-26)

Facts of the case:
Two appellants were accused of raping a minor girl from a Scheduled Caste. The victim initially did not disclose the incident due to shame, and inconsistencies arose regarding her age and the circumstances surrounding the crime. Finding of the trial court based on her testimony and medical examinations faced scrutiny and raised doubts about the prosecution case.

Findings of Court:
Court found that prosecution failed to prove age of the victim to establish she was a minor. No compelling evidence against the accused was presented, rendering conviction unsustainable.

Issues: Primarily, whether the victim was below 18 years at the time of offense, and whether the prosecution established the identity of the perpetrators.

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized on the necessity of reliable and cogent evidence, particularly regarding the victim’s age and doubts surrounding the failure to conduct DNA tests to link accused with the crime, leading to the conclusion of doubt.

Result: Appeals allowed, conviction set aside and the appellants acquitted.

Table of Content
1. appeals regarding legality and validity of conviction. (Para 1 , 2)
2. prosecution's case and evidence presented. (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
3. trial court's conviction and appeal rationale. (Para 6)
4. appellant's arguments and defense claims. (Para 7 , 8)
5. assessment of victim's age and evidential inconsistencies. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 14)
6. evaluation of the victim's testimony and prosecution evidence. (Para 15 , 16 , 17 , 18)
7. importance of dna evidence in sexual assault cases. (Para 19 , 20 , 21)
8. conclusion on evidential insufficiency for conviction. (Para 22)
9. final verdict on acquittal and conviction. (Para 23 , 24)
10. post-verdict compliance requirements. (Para 25 , 26)

JUDGMENT :

Amitendra Kishore Prasad, J.

1. Since both the aforementioned appeals arise out of the same judgment, therefore, they are being heard together and disposed of by this common judgment.

2. In these appeals filed under Section 374(2) of the Cr.P.C., the appellants have challenged the legality, validity, and propriety of the judgment of conviction and order of sentence dated 22.06.2019, passed by the Special Judge (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989) (for short, ‘the Act, 1989’), Raigarh, District Raigarh, C.G., in Special Case (Atrocities Act) No. 20/2018, whereby the appellants were acquitted of the charge under Section 3(2)(v) of the Act, 1989, but were convicted and sentenced as under:-

ConvictionSentence
Under Section 376(D) of Indian Penal CodeRigorous Imprisonment for 20 years and fine of Rs.5,000/- and in default of payment of fine amount to undergo additional rigorous imprisonment for one year.
Under Section 4 of Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (in short, ‘POCSO, Act’)Rigorous Imprisonment for 05 years and fine of Rs.2,000/- and in default of payment of fine amount to undergo additional rigorous imprisonment for six months.

(Both sentences were directed to run concurrently)

3. Case of the prosecution, in brief, is that the victim, a minor girl below 18 years of age belonging to a Scheduled Caste, was subjected to rape by the accused persons. Further case of the prosecution is that on 21.01.2018 at about 6:30 PM, the victim was returning home from her friend Anju Sahu's house. On the way, near the house of one Ashok Sarathi, both accused persons intercepted her and forcibly took her to a deserted area. Appellant-Rooplal gagged the victim’s mouth to prevent her from screaming and then they took her to a toilet located behind the said house, removed her clothes and committed rape on her one by one and after committing the offence, both accused persons fled from the spot. After that, somehow victim returned home and went to sleep without disclosing the incident to anyone. When her mother asked her to eat, she refused, stating she is not feeling hungry. Out of shame and fear, the victim did not narrate the incident immediately. However, upon persistent questioning by her mother, the victim eventually disclosed the entire incident. Her mother then informed the victim’s father, and the matter was subsequently reported to the police. On the report of victim, on 24.01.2019, written report (Ex.P-1) has been registered against the accused persons and on the basis of said report, FIR (Ex.P-6) has been registered against the accused persons at Police Station Kharsia. During investigation, consent of the victim's parents were obtained vide Ex.P-3 and after that, victim was sent for medical examination where PW-3 Dr. Hemlata Rathiya examined the victim and did not find any sign of forcible sexual intercourse with the victim nor did find any injury over the person of the victim either internally or externally and gave her MLC report vide Ex.P-11. Vide Ex.P-4, transfer certificate of victim, mark sheet of class 1st, evaluation sheet and class 8th progress card were seized from the victim and vide Ex.P-5, underwear of victim was seized. Accused persons were taking into custody vide Exs.P-2

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