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2026 Supreme(Del) 186

IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
NEENA BANSAL KRISHNA, J.
Airports Authority of India – Appellant
Versus
URC Construction (P) Ltd. – Respondent
O.M.P. (COMM) No. 348 of 2019
Decided On : 09-02-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants : Digvijay Rai, Archit Mishra, Gagan Kochar, Kashish Singhal
For the Respondents: Vikas Mehta, Nishant Anshul, Bhaskar Nayak, V. Ganesan

The judicial review under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act is restricted to issues of patent illegality, ensuring that arbitrator's findings are not disturbed unless they fundamentally breach public policy or natural justice.

Headnote:(A) Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 - Section 34 - Challenge to arbitral award - The petitioner sought to set aside the award involving a monetary claim of Rs. 2,57,86,532/- awarded to the respondent with prescribed interest and costs. The challenge was based on alleged unjustified delay and reliance on deleted contractual clauses. (Paras 1, 11, 29, 148)

(B) Key legal principle - The court found the arbitrator's interpretation of delays and hindrances under the contract reasonable and upheld the principle that the award should not be interfered with in absence of patent illegality or perversity. (Paras 140, 142)

(C) The court noted that judicial scrutiny under Section 34 is limited to ensure fairness and reasonableness in arbitral awards, with no reappraisal of evidence. (Paras 141, 148)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner, Airports Authority of India, challenged the arbitrator's award regarding construction delays at Mangalore Airport, asserting the contractual agreement allowed for assessing delay based on documented evidence of hindrances that arose. The arbitrator granted claims for overhead costs and escalation based on delayed completion due to the petitioner's breaches. (Paras 1-150)

Findings of Court:
The court concluded that the arbitrator's findings did not shock the conscience of the court and upheld the award, confirming the total compensation due to the absence of patent illegality or procedural impropriety. (Paras 140-146)

Issues: The main issues were whether the delays were attributable to the respondent, the appropriateness of applying deleted contractual clauses, and the extent to which overhead costs could be claimed. (Paras 1, 30, 81, 94)

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized that the arbitrator had dominion over contract interpretation and factual findings, affirming that unless findings are arbitrary, courts should refrain from substituting their views. (Paras 96, 147)

Result: Petition under Section 34 dismissed, upholding the impugned award and affirming the arbitrator's decisions regarding compensation. (Paras 148, 149)

Table of Content
1. overview of facts and timeline of the contract. (Para 1 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 11 , 16)
2. claims and disputes initiated by the respondent. (Para 12 , 14 , 17 , 20 , 21 , 22)
3. arbitrator's decisions and reasoning for awards. (Para 24 , 26 , 28)
4. petitioner's arguments against the arbitrator's decisions. (Para 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 37)
5. court's perspective on evidence and delay attribution. (Para 82 , 83 , 84 , 86 , 90)
6. discussion on escalation charges and their justification. (Para 115 , 116 , 121 , 123)
7. justification for overhead charges awarded by the arbitrator. (Para 130 , 132 , 135 , 138)
8. final conclusion and upholding of the arbitral award. (Para 140 , 148 , 149)

JUDGMENT :

NEENA BANSAL KRISHNA, J.

1. The present Petition under Section 34 Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”) has been filed by the Petitioner/Airports Authority of India, for setting aside the Award dated 26.03.2019 whereby a total sum of Rs. 2,57,86,532/- along with interest @ 10% w.e.f. 04.09.2017 till the date of the Award and further 10% from 27.03.2019 up to the date of actual payment along with Rs. 7,00,000/- as costs, has been awarded to the Respondent.

2. The Petitioner has also sought setting aside of the Order dated 07.05.2019 on the Application under Section 33 (1) and (1)(B) Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, whereby certain corrections have been carried out in the Award, by the learned Arbitrator.

3. Facts in brief, are that the Petitioner/Airports Authority of India (AAI) floated a tender for the construction of New Control Tower-cum- Technical work, at Mangalore. As per the NIT, the last date for submission of the bid was 12.12.2011 and the final date scheduled for opening of the financial bid was 20.12.2011. The Respondent made a bid, which was accepted vide Letter dated 12.04.2012 for the work at the cost of Rs.18,90,88,243/-.

4. As per the terms of the Letter of Acceptance, the work was to be completed within 13 months reckoned from the 10th day of issuance of the Letter dated 12.04.2012, i.e., from 22.04.2012, and the stipulated date of completion was 31.05.2013. An Agreement dated 19.04.2012 was entered into between the parties.

5. During the currency of the contract, the Respondent on various occasions, sought an extension of time for completion of work, and the Petitioner gave a provisional extension of time. The Petitioner has asserted that the work could not be completed in time and there was a delay of 477 days in the completion of the work.

6. After the work was completed, the Competent Authority, i.e., the Member (Planning) of the Petitioner, approved that the delay of 142 days which was found to be justified, while the balance of 335 days was found to be unjustified, and an amount of Rs. 58,55,625/- was imposed upon the Respondent as liquidated damages.

7. The Respondent invoked Clause 25 of the Agreement and requested the appointment of a Dispute Resolution Committee ("DRC") for the determination of the claims of the Respondent. Various meetings were held, after which the DRC submitted its Report vide Letter dated 28.08.2017. The Respondent did not accept the recommendations of the DRC and invoked Arbitration vide Letter dated 04.09.2017.

8. The learned Arbitrator was appointed. The Respondent submitted the Claims, to which a Reply was given by the learned Arbitrator. After the completion of pleadings and arguments, the learned Arbitrator concluded the proceedings on 05.06.2018. However, vide e-mail dated 11.02.2019, the learned Arbitrator observed that certain records were required for checking Claim Nos. 3 and 5 and requested that the same be forwarded to him. He further engaged an Engineer, Sh. Ram Niwas Rohilla, to check the same and submit the Report.

9. The Impugned Award was passed on 26.03.2019 and was received by the Petitioner by hand, on the same day.

10. The Petitioner filed an Application under Section 33 (1)(A) and 33(1)(B) of the Arbitration and Concilia

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