IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
SANDEEP N. BHATT, J.
Patel Rajnikant Ishwarbhai – Appellant
Versus
State Of Gujarat & others – Respondents
R/Criminal Misc.Application No. 8115 of 2018
Decided on : 17-07-2023
Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 406 & 420 - Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Section 482 - Criminal breach of trust – Offence of cheating - Applicant has preferred present application to address issues and seek appropriate resolution – Held, Court has to examine each matter on its own facts and allegations made in complaint or F.I.R - There is some transaction regarding seeds, insecticides, and crops standing on premises, which involves about 71 farmers - Present applicant and complainant have a business relationship and are transacting regarding agricultural produce - Considering allegations made in F.I.R., prima facie, it is borne out from complaint itself that there are allegations regarding cheat and criminal breach of trust - Trial court has recorded prima facie satisfaction before registering case and issuing process pursuant to complaint – Court is of opinion that in this application, a full- fledged trial is required, and at this stage, Court should not exercise its inherent powers, as a prima facie case is made out against present applicant - Application is dismissed.
JUDGMENT :
1. The present application is filed for seeking following reliefs:
(B) YOUR LORDSHIPS may be pleased to quash and set-aside the impugned complaint dated 03/02/2017, bearing Criminal Case No. 41 of 2017 pending in the Court of J.M.F.C. Malpur, District: Aravalli (Annexure– A);
(C) YOUR LORDSHIPS may be pleased stay further complaint proceedings dated of the 03/02/2017, impugned bearing Criminal Case No. 41 of 2017 pending in the Court of J.M.F.C. Malpur, District: Aravalli, pending admission, hearing and final disposal of the present petition;
(D) An ex-parte ad interim relief in terms of prayer [C] above may kindly be granted;
(E) Pass such orders as thought fit in the interest of justice.”
2.1 Brief facts as per the case of the applicant in this application are as such that the applicant is involved in agriculture and acts as an agriculture agent. In May 2012, the applicant supplied cotton seeds, pesticides, and money worth Rs. 5,03,000/- to respondent No. 2, with an agreement that the respondent would supply the cotton produce to the applicant in return. However, respondent No. 2 sold the cotton produce to someone else, breached the trust, and cheated the applicant by not repaying the due amount. When the applicant demanded the money, respondent No. 2 refused and issued threats.
2.2 The applicant issued a legal notice to respondent No. 2 on 22/09/2015, but there was no response. Subsequently, on 21/01/2016, the applicant filed a complaint with the Vijapur Police station, which led to the registration of an F.I.R. on 06/02/2016 under Sections 406 & 420 of the Indian Penal Code (I.P.C). Respondent No. 2, in turn, issued a legal notice to the applicant on 02/05/2016, making false claims and demanding an amount of Rs. 9,28,372/-. The applicant alleges that the money was given to respondent No. 2 for growing cotton, and the latter's friend collected the money on some occasions, with the applicant obtaining his signature on the vouchers.
2.3 The applicant further claims that respondent No. 2 presented concocted documents before the Hon'ble Court, which lacked the applicant's signature, and obtained a stay of investigation and proceedings of the F.I.R. through an order dated 23/01/2017, passed in Criminal Misc. Application No. 34460 of 2016. The applicant also alleges that he was not served any notice or summons in the impugned complaint filed by respondent No. 2. Instead, the police informed his family member that there was a warrant against the applicant, asking him to remain present before the J.M.F.C. Court Malpur in the said complaint case on 27/04/2018.
2.4 Based on these contentions, the applicant has preferred the present application to address the issues and seek appropriate resolution.
3. Heard learned advocate Mr. Dipak H. Sindhi for the applicant, learned advocate Ms. Amrita Ajmera for Mr. Daifraz Havewalla, learned advocate for the respondent No.2 – complainant and learned Assistant Public Prosecutor (APP) Mr. Soaham Joshi appearing for the respondent No.1 – State.
4.1 Learned advocate Mr. Dipak H. Sindhi for the applicant has submitted that upon a bare reading of the private complaint filed by the complainant, no offence is made out against the applicant herein. He argues that the trial court has committed a gross error of law by not considering the fact that the complainant does not have any averment which constitutes an offence against the applicant. Mr. Sindhi further contends that, on the contrary, the complainant has suppressed many things in the complaint. Therefore, on this ground also, the impugned complaint is required to be quashed.
4.2 Furthermore, Mr. Sindhi points out that the complaint is filed as a counterblast, as the complainant has already lodged an F.I.R. bearing C.R. No. I-13 of 2016 on 6.2.2016 under Sections 420 & 406 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (for short, "the IPC"). He draws attention to the notice correspondence, whe
Jaswantrai Manilal Akhaney v. State of Bombay
Ramaswami Nadar v. State of Madras
State of Kerala v. Padmanabham Nair
State of Haryana V/s Bhajan Lal reported in AIR 1992 SC 604.
Point of law : exercise powers under Section 482 CrPC, the complaint in its entirety shall have to be examined on the basis of the allegation made in the complaint/FIR/charge-sheet and the High Court....
The distinction between civil disputes and criminal offenses is crucial; mere breach of contract does not constitute a criminal offense unless there is evidence of dishonest intention.
The Court held that the essential ingredients of the offences alleged against the petitioners are not present. The Court also noted that the dispute between the parties is essentially civil in nature....
Criminal proceedings cannot be initiated for disputes that are purely civil, especially where the essential ingredients of the alleged offences are not met.
The High Court established that criminal proceedings cannot be pursued for matters fundamentally rooted in civil disputes, reinforcing the principle against abusing the legal system.
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