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2023 Supreme(Guj) 1335

IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
Nikhil S. Kariel, J.
Dharmendra Popatlal Patel - Petitioner
Versus
IDFC First Bank Ltd. – Respondent
R/Special Civil Application No. 1732 of 2023
Decided On : 04-08-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr Mahesh Bhavsar, Mrs Hm Bhavsar
For the Respondent: Bhagirath N Patel Mr. Rahul M Barot, Jay Trivedi, Agp, Shivani Rajpurohit

Headnote:(A) Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 - Section 13(2), Section 13(4), Rule 8(5) and Rule 9(1) of Security Interest (Enforcement) Rules, 2002 - Challenge to the quashing of private treaty sale by the Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal - Petitioners defaulted on loan payments, leading to the bank taking possession and attempting auction sale; no bids received - Sale through private treaty conducted without proper valuation as mandated by Rule 8(5) - Court finds violation of both valuation requirements and notice provisions; orders quashing of the sale, directing fresh notice with correct amounts, and allowing petitioners a chance to repay before proceeding further. (Paras 10.1, 14, 15)

(B) Rules regarding borrowers’ rights - Borrower has a constitutional right to property; notice of exact amounts due is requisite to enable them to avail of this right before sale - The court emphasizes adherence to statutory requirements in the sale process to prevent unfair prejudice to borrowers. (Paras 8, 10, 11)

Facts of the case:
Petitioners availed housing loan secured by property; defaults led to bank's foreclosure attempts, including issuing auction notices which ultimately failed; a private sale was conducted, prompting the petitioners to challenge the process based on lack of valuation and notice violations.

Findings of Court:
The court determined the bank violated applicable rules concerning property valuation and notice requirements, thus quashing the private treaty sale.

Issues: The main issues included whether the bank complied with Rule 8(5) regarding property valuation and provided accurate notice of outstanding dues to the petitioners before the sale.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that procedural fairness mandates clear communication of amounts due to borrowers to exercise their rights, and where such rights are infringed, any sale conducted is void.

Result: Petition allowed; sale quashed and fresh notice required.

Table of Content
1. petition challenging drt's orders. (Para 2 , 3)
2. petitioner's arguments on legal errors. (Para 4)
3. bank's defense against petitioner's claims. (Para 5)
4. court's examination of legal standards. (Para 7)
5. importance of borrower's rights under sarfaesi. (Para 8)
6. procedural requirements under sarfaesi. (Para 9)
7. necessity for compliance in auction notices. (Para 10)
8. judicial precedence regarding procedural lapses. (Para 11)
9. further examination of compliance with procedural rules. (Para 12 , 13)
10. court's ruling on procedural violations. (Para 14)
11. final orders and reliefs granted. (Para 15)

JUDGMENT :

Nikhil S. Kariel, J.

1. Rule. Learned advocates for the respective parties waive service of rule on behalf of the respective respondents. With the consent of the parties, the matter has been taken for final hearing.

1.1. Heard learned advocate Mr. Mahesh Bhavsar on behalf of the petitioners, learned advocate Ms. Shivani Rajpurohit appearing with learned advocate Mr. Rahul Barot on behalf of respondent no.1 – Bank, learned Assistant Government Pleader Mr. Jay Trivedi on behalf of respondent no.2 and learned advocate Mr. Bhagirath Patel on behalf of respondent no.3.

2. By way of this petition, the petitioner challenges an order dated 06.01.2023 passed by learned Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal, Mumbai in Appeal No. 08/2022 whereby an order of the learned Debt Recovery Tribunal dated 10.01.2022 is quashed and set aside. It would appear that by way of order dated 10.01.2022, the learned DRT has inter alia set aside the sale by private treaty dated 28.06.2021 including the sale certificate of the same date issued by respondent no.1– Bank in favour of respondent no.3 herein and whereas, the said order had been set aside by the learned DRAT more particularly restoring the sale by way of private treaty.

3. The facts in brief are narrated as under:-

3.1. It would appear that the petitioner has availed of financial assistance from the respondent no.1 bank in terms of housing and furniture loan more particularly for purchasing and furnishing the property of the present petitioners and whereas, it would appear that the property in question i.e. the residential accommodation had been mortgaged with the respondent no.1 bank.

3.2. It would appear that since the applicants had not repaid the monthly installments in time, the respondent bank had issued a notice under Section 13 (2) of the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the SARFAESI Act’) on 16.10.2017 calling upon the petitioners as borrowers to repay the outstanding amount as mentioned in the demand notice till the date of realization. It would appear that the petitioners having been served with the notice and having been failed to repay the entire amount, a notice was given to the petitioners under Section 13 (4) of the SARFAESI Act read with Rule 9 of the Rules on 15.03.2018 showing intent to take over possession of the property in question.

3.3. It would appear that pursuant to the said notice, the respondents had approached the District Magistrate, Surat for issuing appropriate order under Section 14 of the SARFAESI Act and whereas, it would appear that the District Magistrate had issued an order on 18.12.2018 authorizing the Mamlatdar to take possession of the property (secured asset) described in the very order. It would appear that the said order had been questioned by the petitioner before the learned DRT by preferring Securitisation Application No. 22/2010 and whereas vide an order dated 15.01.2019, more particularly, on a statement made on behalf of the petitioners that the petitioners would repay the outstanding within a specific period of time, learned DRT had directed the petitioners to pay the overdue amount on or before 30.03.2019 whereafter the bank would allow the petitioners to repay in normal installments and in case of default, the bank was empowered to pr

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