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2025 Supreme(Gau) 2329

IN THE HIGH COURT OF GAUHATI (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)
Mridul Kumar Kalita, J.
Nazir Hussain S/O Insan Ali And Ors. – Petitioners
Versus
The State of Assam Rep By The Pp – Respondent
AB 446 of 2025
Decided On : 02-06-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr. A F N U Mollah, R Amin, K Zaman
For the Respondent: PP, ASSAM, Mr Sarfraz Nawaz, Amicus Curiae

The statutory bar for anticipatory bail in grave offences must be given a purposive interpretation, treating the conjunction 'and' as 'or' to avoid undermining the legislative objective of restricting bail for serious crimes.

Headnote:(A) Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 - Section 482(4) - Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 - Sections 63, 65(1), 70(2) - Anticipatory Bail - Maintainability - Statutory interpretation of the conjunction "and" in the exclusion clause - Legislative history and intent - Embargo on anticipatory bail for grave offences must be read as disjunctive ("or") to prevent absurdity and uphold the legislative goal of excluding heinous offences from bail relief. (Paras 19-28)

(B) Evidence - Determination of age - Conflict between statutory birth registration and school records - Statutory certificate issued by an official registrar holds higher reliability and legal recognition compared to school-issued documents in determining minority status of the complainant. (Para 29)

Facts of the case:
Petitioners filed for anticipatory bail in connection with an accusation of kidnapping and sexual assault. A legal dispute arose regarding the victim's age based on two conflicting documents: a statutory birth certificate presented by the informant versus a school leaving certificate presented by the petitioners. The State challenged the maintainability of the bail application, invoking a statutory bar applicable to grave criminal offences.

Findings of Court:
The court ruled that the statutory bar on anticipatory bail must be interpreted purposively; the conjunction "and" in the relevant enactment is to be read as "or" to avoid frustrating the legislative intent. Furthermore, the court held that a statutory birth certificate is superior in evidentiary weight to school records. The court concluded that the victim was a minor at the time of the incident, leading to the denial of bail for the primary accused under the statutory embargo, while granting relief to other petitioners not directly implicated in the specific grave offences.

Issues: Whether the conjunction "and" in the statutory exclusion clause for anticipatory bail should be interpreted as "or," and which form of documentary evidence holds primacy for age determination in sexual offence cases.

Ratio Decidendi: To fulfill the manifest intention of the legislature and prevent the redundancy of the statutory bar, the provision must be read disjunctively. Additionally, where statutory records exist for birth registration, they must be preferred over school-issued documentation for establishing age.

Result: Anticipatory bail application rejected for the primary accused and made absolute for the remaining co-accused.

Table of Content
1. factual background involving allegations of kidnapping and sexual offence under bns. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. defense arguments regarding victim's age and consent. (Para 5 , 6 , 7)
3. legal controversy regarding maintainability of anticipatory bail application under section 482(4) of bnss. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
4. judicial interpretation: reading 'and' as 'or' in statute to preserve legislative intent. (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28)
5. evidentiary assessment of birth records and applicability of statutory bail bars. (Para 29 , 30 , 31)
6. grant of bail to minor accused and rejection of bail to accused facing serious charges. (Para 32 , 33 , 34)

ORDER :

MRIDUL KUMAR KALITA, J.

1. Heard Mr. A. F. N. U. Mollah, learned counsel for the petitioners. Also heard Mr. R. R. Kaushik, learned Additional Public Prosecutor appearing for the State of Assam as well as Mr. S. Nawaz, learned Amicus Curiae appointed by the Court.

2. This application under Section 482 of BNSS has been filed by the petitioners, namely, 1. Nazir Hussain, 2. Insan Ali, 3. Nazina Bibi and 4. Abdul Wahab who are apprehending their arrest in connection with Gauripur P.S. Case No. 15/2025 under Sections 61(2)/137(2)/303(2)/65(1)/308(2) of the BNS.

3. The gist of accusation in this case is that on 09.01.2025, one Nozmul Hoque had lodged an FIR before the Officer-in-charge of Gauripur Police Station, inter alia, alleging that on 26.11.2024, the accused persons named in the FIR (present petitioners) had kidnapped the minor daughter of the informant. However, the Police on filing of an FIR recovered the daughter of the informant and handed over her custody to the informant.

4. However, it is alleged in the FIR that on 09.01.2025, the accused No. 1 again kidnapped the daughter of the informant with the help of other accused persons (the present petitioners). It is also alleged in the FIR that the petitioner No. 1 also took an amount of Rs.1,50,000/- (One Lakh Fifty Thousand) from the Almirah. It is further alleged that the petitioner No. 1 had committed sexual intercourse with the daughter of the informant on pretext of marrying her. The date of birth of the victim girl is stated to be on 07.11.2010 in the FIR.

5. The learned counsel for the petitioners has submitted that the daughter of the informant is not a minor and her date of birth is 07.11.2006. It is also submitted by the learned counsel for the petitioners that the informant’s daughter had on her own accompanied the petitioner No. 1. It is also submitted that there is a love affair between the victim girl and the petitioner No. 1 since long back and that she has been married to the petitioner No. 1 and were staying together happily as married couple. However, the said relationship was not agreeable to her parents, therefore, only with an intention to harass the petitioners, a false FIR has been lodged.

6. In support of his submissions that the victim girl is not a minor, the petitioners have annexed the transfer/leaving certificate of the victim girl issued by the Bilasipara Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya, wherein her date of birth has been stated as 07.11.2006. The learned counsel for the petitioners, therefore, submits that the victim girl was major on the date of alleged incident and she left with the petitioner No. 1 out of her own sweet will.

7. The learned counsel for the petitioners also submits that in the meanwhile, petitioner Nos. 2, 3 and 4 were granted interim bail by this Court by order dated 10.04.2025 and in pursuant to the directions of this Court, they have co-operated in the investigation. He submits that all the petitioners, including the petitioner No. 1 are ready to co-operate in the investigation and, therefore, their prayer for anticipatory bail may be allowed.

8. At the beginning of the hearing of this anticipatory bail application, the learned Additional Public Prosecutor has raised the plea of maintainability of this anticipatory bail

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