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2023 Supreme(Raj) 1829

IN THE HIGH COURT OF RAJASTHAN AT JAIPUR BENCH
Anoop Kumar Dhand, J.
Indian Oil Corporation Limited - Petitioner
Versus
Shri Narendra Singh Shekhawat and ors. - Respondents
S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 8182 of 2005, S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 8178 of 2005, S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 8184 of 2005
Decided On : 18-08-2023

Advocate Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Ms. Sukriti Kasliwal with Mr. Vikram Singh Rathore, Advocates.
For the Respondent:Mr. Kunal Rawat and Ms. Radhika Maharwal, Advocates.

Headnote:(A) Apprentices Act, 1961 - Section 18; Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 - Section 2(s) - Jurisdiction of Labour Courts - Respondents claimed reinstatement as workmen after apprenticeship, which ended after 11 months. The Tribunal ruled in their favor, but on appeal, it was held that apprentices cannot be classified as workmen under Section 18 of the Apprentices Act, hence the Labour Court lacked jurisdiction. (Paras 8, 18, 20, 26)

(B) Legal Classification of Apprentices - The court found that apprentices are not workmen as defined under the Industrial Disputes Act, and that the provisions of the Apprentices Act prevail over general labor laws. (Paras 18, 19, 24)

(C) Employers' Obligations - The employer's only obligation under the Apprentices Act is to provide training, and there exists no automatic obligation to employ apprentices post-training. (Paras 20, 22, 23)

Facts of the case:
The respondents were engaged as apprentices by the petitioner for a period of 11 months under a formal training agreement. Post-training, they approached the Labour Tribunal claiming workman status and illegal termination under the ID Act.

Findings of Court:
The Tribunal ruled the respondents were workmen and directed reinstatement with back wages, which was quashed on appeal.

Issues: Whether apprentices fit within the definition of workmen under the Industrial Disputes Act and if the Labour Court had jurisdiction.

Ratio Decidendi: The status of apprentices is distinct from that of workmen, with the Apprentices Act delineating their training relationship and excluding them from labor law protections.

Result: Petitions allowed; Tribunal's award set aside.

Table of Content
1. common legal question and factual background in petitions. (Para 1)
2. petitioner's claim of no employer-employee relationship. (Para 2 , 3)
3. respondents claiming workman status under labor laws. (Para 4 , 5 , 12)
4. need to adjudicate applicability of labor laws vs. apprenticeship laws. (Para 6 , 7)
5. conflict between apprentices act and industrial disputes act. (Para 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
6. apprentices do not qualify as workmen under labor laws. (Para 20 , 21 , 22)
7. estoppel regarding claims after accepting apprenticeship terms. (Para 23 , 24)
8. court's finding on tribunal's lack of jurisdiction. (Para 25 , 26)
9. conclusion to quash tribunal's award. (Para 27 , 28)

ORDER :

Anoop Kumar Dhand, J.

Since common question of law and facts are involved in all these petitions, hence with the consent of counsel for the parties the matters are taken up for final disposal and all these petitions are decided by this common order.

2. Counsel for the petitioner/Corporation submits that the respondents were never engaged as workmen rather they were engaged as 'apprentice' and a contract of apprenticeship was executed between the parties for 11 months and during these 11 months apprenticeship training was provided to the respondents and after completion of the said period the agreement came to an end. Counsel submits that the respondents do not fall within the definition of workmen, hence the Labour Court was not having any jurisdiction to entertain the claim petition filed by the respondents. Counsel submits that as per section 18 of the APPRENTICES ACT , 1961 the provisions of labour law are not applicable. Counsel submits that several documents were submitted on the record before the Industrial Tribunal to show that the respondents were engaged as apprentice and after completion of their term of 11 months, the contract came to an end. Counsel submits that the documentary evidence produced by the petitioner Corporation was not taken into consideration by the Tribunal and the impugned award has been passed directing the petitioner to reinstate back the respondents in service with continuity and 50% back wages. Counsel submits that once this fact was established on the record by the Tribunal that the respondents were not engaged as workmen then there was no occasion or reason available with the Tribunal to treat them as workmen, hence under these circumstances the Tribunal has committed an error in passing the impugned award. In support of her contentions, she has placed reliance upon the following judgments:

1. Hanuman Prasad Choudhary and Ors. v. Rajasthan State Electricity Board and Ors. reported in 1985 (2) WLN 219.

2. U.P. State Electricity Board v. Shiv Mohan Singh Ors. reported in 2004 (8) SCC 402.

3. U.P.S.E.B. v. Presiding Officer , Kanpur and Ors. reported in 2018(1) LLN 314 (All).

3. Counsel submits that under these circumstances, interference of this Court is warranted and the impugned award passed by the Labour Court is liable to be quashed and set aside.

4. Per contra, learned counsel for the respondents workmen opposed the arguments raised by the counsel for the petitioner Corporation and submitted that the respondents have established the fact that their services were taken by petitioner as petrol filler and they were discharging the duties of workmen. Counsel submits that unfair practice was used by the petitioner Corporation for taking an agreement of apprentice from the respondents. Counsel submits that no training was provided to the respondents and straightaway all works were taken from them which comes within the purview of definition of workmen, hence the industrial Tribunal has not committed any error by treating the status of the respondents as workmen and the Tribunal has not committed any error in entertaining the claim petition filed by them. Counsel submits that finding of fact has been recorded by the Tribunal after appreciating the evidence available on the record. Counsel submits that by exercising t

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