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2025 Supreme(HP) 1617

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, SHIMLA
Rakesh Kainthla, J.
Ramesh Chand - Petitioner
Versus
State of H.P. - Respondent
Cr. Revision No. 58 of 2013
Decided On : 14-11-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Ms Anu Tuli, Advocate.
For the Respondent:Mr Lokender Kutlehria, Additional Advocate General.

Revisional jurisdiction allows setting aside perverse concurrent convictions where prosecution story is physically implausible, lacks corroboration, relies on inadmissible evidence, despite general bar on reappreciating facts.

Headnote:(A) Cr.P.C. - Section 397 - Revisional jurisdiction - Scope - Extremely narrow; not appellate-like reappreciation of evidence; limited to patent defects, jurisdictional errors or law errors; concurrent findings upset only on perversity or gross error - Revisional court not to reanalyse facts unless glaring miscarriage of justice. (Paras 13-18)

(B) Evidence Act - Section 6 - Res gestae - Hearsay statement admissible only if contemporaneous with incident, part of same transaction; narrative after interval allowing fabrication inadmissible. (Para 27)

(C) Evidence Act - Section 14 - Previous compromise inadmissible as evidence of similar acts, habit or character; relevant only for specific intent in issue, not general disposition. (Paras 29-32)

(D) IPC - Sections 341, 323, 354, 506 - Sexual assault and hurt - Victim testimony not gospel truth if inherently improbable or uncorroborated; requires scrutiny like injured witness; false implication possible in enmity cases. (Paras 35-36)

Facts of the case:
Victim alleged while carrying fuel wood, accused caught both arms, touched inappropriately, tore shirt, beat with fists, threatened; rescued by mother-in-law and sister-in-law; reported land dispute enmity; trial court convicted and sentenced to concurrent imprisonment/fines; appellate court upheld; revision challenging improbability, contradictions, non-corroboration.

Findings of Court:
Prosecution version physically implausible; key witnesses failed to corroborate; child witness unreliable; hearsay inadmissible; medical injuries possible by fall; lower courts perversely relied on uncorroborated testimony and inadmissible evidence.

Issues: Whether revisional jurisdiction permits interference with concurrent convictions; reliability of uncorroborated victim statement amid improbabilities and enmity; admissibility of delayed hearsay and prior compromise; sufficiency of medical evidence.

Ratio Decidendi: Accused could not simultaneously hold both victim hands, touch inappropriately and tear shirt; no fuel wood recovered despite claim; mother-in-law denied seeing assault; sister-in-law unexamined; child witness repeated mother's version; statement to independent witness post-interval not res gestae; prior compromise shows general conduct, inadmissible; injuries on accessible parts possibly self-inflicted; enmity double-edged but tilts to false case given infirmities; lower courts erred in accepting improbable case without corroboration.

Result: Revision allowed; judgments of conviction and sentence set aside.

Table of Content
1. factual background of alleged assault and trial proceedings (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. lower courts upheld conviction on victim testimony (Para 6 , 7)
3. petitioner alleges improbabilities; state defends corroboration (Para 8 , 10 , 11)
4. revisional jurisdiction limited absent perversity (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18)
5. prosecution story physically improbable (Para 19 , 20 , 21)
6. eyewitnesses fail to corroborate victim (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26)
7. delayed hearsay inadmissible as res gestae (Para 27 , 28)
8. prior compromise inadmissible under evidence act s.14 (Para 29 , 30 , 31 , 32)
9. medical evidence doubtful; enmity motivates false case (Para 33 , 34)
10. uncorroborated improbable victim testimony unreliable (Para 35 , 36 , 37)
11. revision allowed; convictions set aside (Para 38 , 39 , 40)

JUDGMENT :

Rakesh Kainthla, J.

The present revision is directed against the judgment dated 26.2.2013, passed by learned Additional Sessions Judge, Fast Track Court, Hamirpur, H.P. (learned Appellate Court), vide which the judgment of conviction dated 18.4.2012 and order of sentence dated 27.4.2012, passed by learned Judicial Magistrate First Class, Barsar, District Hamirpur, H.P. (learned Trial Court) were upheld and the appeal filed by the petitioner (accused before the learned Trial Court) was dismissed. (Parties shall hereinafter be referred to in the same manner as they were arrayed before the learned Trial Court for convenience.)

2. Briefly stated, the facts giving rise to the present revision are that the police presented a challan before the learned Trial Court for the commission of offences punishable under Sections 354, 341, 323 and 504 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). It was asserted that the victim (name being withheld to protect her identity) was bringing fuel wood on 17.4.2010. The accused Ramesh Chand stopped her, caught hold of her arms and touched her inappropriately at about 7.00 AM. He tore her shirt. She fell and shouted for help. The accused gave her beatings and abused her. He threatened to kill her and her children in case the incident was reported to anyone. Her mother-in-law and sister-in-law reached the spot and rescued her from the accused. The matter was reported to the police, and FIR (Ex.PW1/A) was registered. ASI Karan Singh (PW7) investigated the matter. He visited the spot and prepared the site plan (Ex.PW7/A). The victim produced a shirt, which was put in a cloth parcel, and the parcel was sealed. Seal impression (Ex.P1) was taken on a separate piece of cloth. The parcel containing the shirt (Ex.P1) was seized vide memo (Ex.PW1/B). Dr H.R. Kalia (PW5) medically examined the victim and found that she had sustained multiple injuries, which could have been caused by kicks and fist blows. He issued MLC (Ex.PW5/A). The statements of witnesses were recorded as per their version, and after the completion of the investigation, the challan was prepared and presented before the Court.

3. The learned Trial Court found sufficient reasons to summon the accused. When the accused appeared, he was charged with the commission of offences punishable under Sections 341, 323, 354 and 506 of the IPC, to which he pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.

4. The prosecution examined seven witnesses to prove its case. The informant (PW1) narrated the incident. (PW2) and (PW3) are the eyewitnesses. Madan Lal (PW4) witnessed the recovery of the shirt. Dr H.R. Kalia (PW5) medically examined the victim. Mansa Ram (PW6) produced the copy of the compromise. ASI Karam Singh (PW7) investigated the matter.

5. The accused, in his statement recorded under Section 313 of Cr.P.C., stated that a false case was made against him because of the land dispute. The witnesses deposed falsely. He claimed that he was innocent. The statements of Ajudhya Devi (DW1), Kartar Singh (DW2) and Satish Kumar (DW3) were recorded in defence.

6. Learned Trial Court held that the testimony of a victim of a sexual offence is entitled to a grea

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