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2026 Supreme(Jhk) 18

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI
ANIL KUMAR CHOUDHARY, J.
Manoj Agarwalla @ Manoj Kumar Agarwalla, son of Late Basant Agarwalla – Petitioner 
Versus 
The State of Jharkhand – Respondent
Cr.M.P. No.3359 of 2025
Decided On : 28-01-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioners:Mrs. Jasvindar Mazumdar, Advocate Mr. Rohan Mazumdar, Advocate
For the Respondent:Mr. Rahul Saboo, G.P. II, Mr. Kunal Chandra Suman, AC to G.P. II, Mr. Ananda Basu, Advocate, Mr. Rachit Lakhmani, Advocate, Mr. Saurabh Shekhar, Advocate, Mr. Anurag Kumar, Adv.

The court determined that allegations against the petitioners were devoid of any criminal basis, equating the matter to a civil dispute, thus quashing the criminal proceedings.

Headnote:(A) Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 - Section 528 - Indian Penal Code - Sections 323, 341, 403, 406, 417, 421, 423, 424, 465, and 120B - Quashing of criminal proceeding - Allegations against the petitioners were primarily civil in nature, asserting there was no direct involvement or prima facie case against them as per the complaint. Court emphasized that a claim of cheating cannot be brought forth by a non-party to the transaction. (Paras 2, 10, 14)

(B) Criminal Proceedings - Court should quash proceedings if purely civil disputes are cloaked as criminal offences - The nature of allegations must demonstrate essential components of criminal offences for prosecution to stand. (Paras 6, 10)

Facts of the case:
The petitioners, accused of various crimes related to a joint family property, contended that allegations were erroneous as they purchased the property legally from co-accused who potentially misrepresented ownership. The dispute was primarily between the complainant and co-accused regarding a partition of property, with the petitioner claiming no criminal wrongdoing.

Findings of Court:
The court ruled that all allegations against the petitioners were false and were part of a civil dispute, allowing for the quashing of the criminal proceedings and the earlier summoning order.

Issues: Whether the allegations constituted a civil or criminal dispute and whether the petitioners could be held criminally accountable as non-parties to the initial sale transaction.

Ratio Decidendi: The complaint lacked grounds for the allegations against the petitioners, confirming that as non-parties to the sale, they could not be accused of cheating or being involved in criminal conspiracy.

Result: The entire criminal proceeding in connection with the complaint was quashed and set aside against the petitioners.

Table of Content
1. introduction of the case and factual background. (Para 1 , 2)
2. arguments regarding the legitimacy of the complaint. (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
3. court's analysis on the allegations against petitioners. (Para 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13)
4. ruling on quashing the criminal proceedings. (Para 14)
5. final order and conclusion on the case. (Para 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)

JUDGMENT :

ANIL KUMAR CHOUDHARY, J.

I.A. No.9478 of 2024

Heard the parties.

Learned counsel for the petitioners submits that this interlocutory application has been filed for early hearing of this Criminal Miscellaneous Petition.

Since, the hearing of this Criminal Miscellaneous Petition is taken up today, hence, this interlocutory application stands disposed of being infructuous.

Cr.M.P. No.3359 of 2025

This Criminal Miscellaneous Petition has been filed invoking the jurisdiction of this Court under Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 with the prayer to quash the entire criminal proceeding in connection with Complaint Case No.2703 of 2014 including the order dated 04.03.2015 passed by the learned Judicial Magistrate, Dhanbad whereby and where under the learned Judicial Magistrate, Dhanbad has found prima facie case for the offences punishable under Sections 323, 341, 403, 406, 417, 421, 423, 424, 465 and 120B of the Indian Penal Code and passed summoning order.

2. The case of the complainant in brief is that the complainant and the accused Nos.1 to 5 of the complaint case are co-sharers of a joint Hindu Family. The co-accused persons made repeated attempts to alienate the joint property by deceptive means and fraudulent acts of commission and omissions. There is specific allegation against the co- accused Devendra Kumar Agarwalla, who is not a petitioner in this Cr.M.P. and the deceased family member namely Parmeshwar Agarwalla of preparing an affidavit by a fake person for selling the property in the name and style of Jharia House situated at Kolkata. It is the admitted case of the complainant that the said Devendra Kumar Agarwalla and Parmeshwar Agarwalla were the persons responsible for selling of the joint property fraudulently behind the back of the complainant. The only allegation against the petitioner No.1 is that the co-accused namely Devendra Kumar Agarwalla sold the joint property to the petitioner No.1 and misappropriated the proceeds thereof. Though the accused No.2 in connivance with the accused Nos.1, 3 and 4; none of whom are petitioners in this Cr.M.P., have failed to comply with the order of the Hon’ble High Court of Calcutta, in respect of Jharia House Property, belonging to H.D. Agarwala Trust; which ought to have been transferred to the complainant and they have given a false declaration under oath to defraud the court and the complainant. The complainant, consequent upon the failure of the accused Nos.1 to 5 of the complaint; none of whom are petitioners in this Cr.M.P., to partition the joint property, has filed Title (Partition) Suit No.151 of 2013 in the court of Civil Judge, Senior Division-I, Dhanbad. There is further allegation against the petitioners that the petitioners have purchased the joint family property in the name and style of M/s Anup Malleables Limited. There is also allegation that the accused Nos.3 and 4 caught hold of the complainant when he intended to enter inside the said premises after the same being sold and the accused No.2 of the complaint, slapped the complainant and the accused Nos.5 and 6 were present there by holding iron rods. There is specific allegation that the accused Nos.1 to 5 of the complaint, from the very beginning had the intention to transfer and alienate the said company along with other valuable assets. The learned Judicial Magistrate, Dhanbad, basing upon the complaint, statement of the complainant on solemn affirmation and the statement of the inquiry witnesses found prima facie case against the petitioners; including all the accused persons of the case for having commit

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