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2026 Supreme(Mad) 615

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
P.B.BALAJI, J.
Satchithanandum, (Died.) – Petitioner 
Versus
Krishnamurthy, (Died) – Respondent 
CRP.No.4778 of 2023 & CMP.No.28344 of 2023
Decided On : 09-01-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioners: Ms. Gopika Nambiar
For the Respondents: Mr. S.R. Sundar for Mr. C. Sakthimanikandan.

The court emphasized tenant protection under the Puducherry Cultivating Tenants Protection Act, ruling that eviction requires substantial proof of abandonment and adherence to procedural safeguards before enforcing arrears payments.

Headnote:(A) Puducherry Cultivating Tenants Protection Act, 1970 - Section 4(b)(1) - Revenue Court's order disturbing tenant's possession despite tenant's readiness to pay owed rent is improper - Reasonable opportunity to deposit arrears must be given before eviction - Court found no fair rent fixed, eviction order unsustainable. (Paras 11, 28, 29, 39)

(B) Agricultural tenancy - Cultivating tenants' protection from eviction - Absence of clear pleading by landlord regarding abandonment of cultivation undermines eviction claim - Standard of proof for abandonment not met considering statutory protections. (Paras 12, 31)

Facts of the case:
The petitioners, acting as legal representatives of a deceased cultivating tenant, challenged the Revenue Court's eviction order citing a lack of fair rent fixation and improper handling of arrears. The tenant had previously made partial payments without a formal rent order. The landlord’s claims of abandonment were disputed as lacking clear evidential support and pleading.

Findings of Court:
The court set aside the Revenue Court's eviction order, emphasizing protection for cultivating tenants. The order to deposit substantial arrears without adequate proceedings was deemed arbitrary. Tenants were asked to pay arrears and reclaim possession.

Issues: The main issues were the legality of the order fixing arrears, the lack of abandonment claims by the landlord, and whether the tenant had been granted a fair opportunity to address the arrears.

Ratio Decidendi: The court determined that the Revenue Court overstepped its authority and failed to provide necessary procedural safeguards before ordering eviction. The tenant's rights under the Act were not duly protected, thus underscoring the protective intent of statutory provisions.

Result: Civil Revision Petition allowed; eviction order set aside. The petitioners ordered to pay arrears and regain possession. Fresh eviction proceedings can be initiated.

Table of Content
1. overview of petition and parties involved. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. contentions on payment of arrears and orders issued. (Para 4 , 5 , 6)
3. arguments against eviction due to failure to fix fair rent. (Para 10 , 12 , 14)
4. impact of landlord's actions and tenant's compliance. (Para 15 , 21 , 22)
5. legal standards for eviction procedure and tenant protection. (Para 23 , 24 , 29 , 34 , 39)
6. final order to restore tenant possession. (Para 40)

ORDER :

P.B.BALAJI, J.

The unsuccessful cultivating tenant is the revision petitioner, aggrieved by the order passed in PCTPA No.1 of 2001 by the Revenue Court, Sub-Division (South), Villianur, Puducherry.

2.I have heard Ms.Gopika Nambiar, learned counsel for the petitioners and Mr.S.R.Sundar, for Mr.C.Sakthimanikandan, learned counsel for the respondents.

3.Ms.Gopika Nambiar, learned counsel appearing for the petitioners would submit that the petitioners in the revision, Satchithanandum and the 1st respondent, Krishnamurthy died pending PCTPA .No.1 of 2001. Inviting my attention to the application filed by the said Satchithanandum, the cultivating tenant in .No.7 of 1990, seeking permission to deposit the rent and the order passed in the said proceedings on 16.07.1990, the learned counsel for the petitioners would submit that the payment of arrears of Rs.8,100/- was recorded and on 20.08.1999, a memo was filed, not pressing .No.7 of 1990, since the object of the said had been fulfilled with the payment of Rs.8,100/-.

4.The learned counsel for the petitioners would further state that despite the tenant filing the memo, not pressing the PCTPA .No.7 of 1990, the Revenue Court, Puducherry, proceeded to pass an order, directing the tenant to deposit Rs.93,418/- towards arrears of rent, with a consequential direction, by way of default clause that if the said payment is not made, .No.7 of 1990 would be treated as dismissed. The Revenue Court also directed the parties to approach the authority concerned, for fixing the fair rent.

5.The primordial contention of the learned counsel for the petitioners is that till date there is no order of the competent authority under the Puducherry Cultivating Tenant Payment of Fair Rent Act, 1970, fixing fair rent for the subject property. However, taking advantage of the direction passed by the Revenue Court, directing deposit of Rs.93,418/-, the respondent/landlord filed E.P.No.1 of 2000, to execute the order dated 08.09.1999. The same was contested by the tenant, contenting that there was no executable order passed in PCTPA .No.7 of 1990 and ultimately, by order dated 27.06.2001, EP.No.1 of 2000 was dismissed by the Revenue Court.

6.The learned counsel for the petitioner would further contend that the landlord has been trying to evict the cultivating tenant, by hook or crook and having failed in the attempt to mischievously execute an inexecutable order, the landlord attempted to disturb the cultivating tenants' possession which constrained them to file O.S.No.666 of 2001 before the I Additional District Munsif Court, Pondicherry, on 10.10.2001. As a counter blast, according to the learned counsel for the petitioners, the landlord filed an an eviction petition in PCTPA No.1 of 2001, to evict the tenant on the ground that the tenant had not complied with the order dated 08.09.1999, directing deposit of Rs.93,418/-. According to the learned counsel for the petitioners, even in the said eviction petition, there was no prayer for eviction on the ground of abandonment of cultivation by the cultivating tenant. In the said eviction petition, the tenant filed a counter on 17.10.2002, stating that he was ready to deposit the entire arrears as on that date which was amounting to Rs.62,046/-.

7.The learned counsel for the petitioners would also invite my attention to the payment of Rs.28,692/-, paid by the tenant and the factum of having filed a miscellaneous petition, seeking extension of time to pay the remaining arrears. She would further contend that the applicat

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