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2024 Supreme(Ori) 264

ORISSA HIGH COURT : CUTTACK
ANANDA CHANDRA BEHERA, J.
Kana Majhi (dead) & Others - Appellants
Vs.
Durga@ Munsi Majhi & Others - Respondents
R.S.A. No.170 of 2002
Decided On : 30-09-2024

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr. B.C. Panda, Advocate

Prior partition remains valid unless cogent evidence of reunion is established; absent such evidence, the ownership claims of plaintiffs over disputed properties are affirmed.

Headnote:(A) Hindu Succession Act, 1956 - Principles of Mitakshara School of Hindu Law - Partition of ancestral properties - Claim for declaration of title and confirmation of possession over Schedule "H" & "I" properties made by plaintiffs who are descendants of Kana Majhi, contending that properties were allotted to him at the partition in 1945. The Trial Court ruled in favor of plaintiffs declaring them the rightful owners and confirming their possession, which was later reversed by the First Appellate Court citing lack of rebuttal evidence from plaintiffs. The court held that the reversal was erroneous since the prior partition is established and there was no evidence of reunion between the parties post-partition. (Paras 13, 15, 19, 20, 21)

(B) Appeal - Principles regarding partition and reunion - Affirmed that a previous partition remains unless there is cogent evidence indicating that the parties have reunited. No such evidence was presented by the defendants, thereby confirming the plaintiffs' claims over the disputed properties and reinstating the findings of the Trial Court. (Paras 17, 18)

Facts of the case:
Dispute arose over recordings of ancestral properties concerning the joint heirs of Mundura Majhi, involving a partition claimed to have taken place in 1945. The plaintiffs sought legal remedy after the defendants attempted dispossession of properties erroneously recorded in their names.

Findings of Court:
The Trial Court found in favor of the plaintiffs establishing their ownership and right to possession based on the partition and confirmed findings; however, the First Appellate Court's reversal lacked justifiable reasoning and undermined earlier findings of partition.

Issues: Whether the First Appellate Court was justified in its reversal of the Trial Court's decree, having acknowledged the partition.

Ratio Decidendi: The court reiterated that a previous partition is substantive unless a compelling case for reunion is substantiated. Results: 2nd Appeal allowed, reversing the First Appellate Court's decision and restoring the Trial Court's decree.

Table of Content
1. overview of the case and parties involved. (Para 1 , 2)
2. description of ancestral properties and succession. (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
3. claims and defenses regarding property ownership. (Para 6 , 7)
4. issues framed and trial court evidence analysis. (Para 8 , 9 , 10)
5. procedural history and appellant's challenges. (Para 11 , 12)
6. key legal question of appeal. (Para 13 , 14)
7. court's acceptance of trial findings on partition. (Para 15 , 16)
8. legal principles on partition and reunion. (Para 17 , 18)
9. conclusions on the sustainability of appellate judgment. (Para 19 , 20)
10. outcome and final orders of the appeal. (Para 21 , 22 , 23)

JUDGMENT :

ANANDA CHANDRA BEHERA, J.

1. This 2nd Appeal has been preferred against the reversing Judgment.

2. The appellants in this 2nd Appeal were the plaintiffs before the Trial Court in the suit vide T.S. No.44 of 1996 and respondent Nos.1 to 5 before the First Appellate Court in 1st Appeal vide T.A. No.32 of 1999.

The respondents in this 2nd Appeal were the defendants before the Trial Court in the suit vide T.S. No.44 of 1996 and appellants as well as respondent Nos.6 & 7 before the First Appellate Court in the 1st Appeal vide T.A. No.32 of 1999.

The suit of the plaintiffs (appellants in this 2nd Appeal) against the defendants (respondents in this 2nd Appeal) vide T.S. No.44 of 1996 was a suit for declaration.

The properties described in Schedule “H” & “I” are the suit properties.

3. According to the plaintiffs, their common ancestor was Mundura Majhi. Mundura Majhi died leaving behind his two sons i.e. Durga & Kana. Durga died leaving behind his 5 sons i.e. Ramdo, Suna, Sida, Tila & Gora.

Ramdo, Sida, Tila and Gora died issueless. Suna died leaving behind his 2 sons i.e. Durga @ Munsi (defendant No.1) and Charu Charan. Charu Charan died leaving behind his wife and one son i.e. Heera Majhi (defendant No.2) and Tilak @ Chandan Majhi (defendant No.3).

The 2nd son of Mundura Majhi i.e. Kana Majhi died in the year 1964 leaving behind his daughter Bali. Bali died in the year 1987 leaving behind her 3 sons and one daughter i.e. Shyamsundar, Kana (plaintiff No.1), Devi (plaintiff No.2).

Shyama Sundar died leaving behind his wife and two sons i.e Duli (Plaintiff No.3), Ratha (Plaintiff No.4) and Laxman (Plaintiff No.5).

4. Though the parties to the suit are Santal by caste and belong to Scheduled Tribe Community, but they are guided and governed by Mitakshara School of Hindu Law.

All the suit properties along with other properties had originally belonged to Mundura Majhi. The said Mundura Majhi had properties in two Mouzas i.e. Tadikijharan and Bhupad. Their ancestral properties in Mouza Tadikijharan & Bhupad were Ac.21.98 Decimals & Ac.4.80 Decimals under Sabik Khata No.25 & 71 respectively, those have been described in Schedule “B”.

5. After the death of Mundura Majhi, the properties left by him under Sabik Khata No.25 & 71 in Mouza Tadikijharan and Bhupad devolved upon his two sons i.e. Durga and Kana. After the death of Durga, while Kana was alive, the suit properties were partitioned in the year 1945 between Kana and the sons of Durga i.e. Ramdo, Suna & Gora in the month of Magha in presence of the Bhadralokas. In such partition in the year 1945 between Kana, Ramdo, Suna and Gora, the above children of Durga Majhi jointly got Schedule “C” properties and Kana alone got Schedule “D” properties. The members of both the branches i.e. the members of the branch of Durga & Kana possessed their above respective allotted shares separately. When Kana expired leaving behind his daughter Bali as his only successor, then, the Schedule “D” properties, those had fallen in his share devolved upon his daughter i.e. Bali and Bali possessed the Schedule “D” properties after the death of her father Kana as exclusive owner. On the basis of exclusive ownership and possession of Bali alone and the sons of Durga jointly to their respective allotted shares from their ancestral properties in respect of their allotted pro

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