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2025 Supreme(MP) 960

IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH AT INDORE
Gajendra Singh, J.
Inder Singh And Others – Petitioners
Versus
The State Of Madhya Pradesh – Respondent
Criminal Revision No. 4860 of 2019, Criminal Appeal No. 10679 of 2019
Decided On : 20-11-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Shri Navneet Kishore Verma
For the Respondent: Shri Jayesh Yadav, GA

In spontaneous offenses by individuals without criminal antecedents, appellate courts may modify short custodial sentences to the period already served, provided the fine is adjusted for justice, especially when serious injury claims lack adequate corroborating medical evidence.

Headnote:(A) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Sections 372, 397 and 401 - Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 323, 324, 427 and 34 - Conviction and sentence - Modification of sentence - Revision and Appeal against judgment - Appellate court reduced sentence and modified conviction regarding serious injury charges - Scope of appellate interference hinges on whether lower court findings were perverse or ignored material evidence - Principle established that sentence should be proportionate to the nature of the offense and the circumstances of the incident, including the absence of criminal antecedents. (Paras 7, 12, 13, 15 and 16)

(B) Evidence - Medical record - Proof of grievous injury - Essential to establish nexus between injury and medical documentation via expert testimony - Failure to produce corroborative evidence regarding the victim's diagnostic records justifies the acquittal of serious charges. (Para 14)

(C) Sentencing - Proportionality - Where an offense occurs during a spontaneous altercation and the accused possesses no prior criminal record, a short custodial term may be modified to the period already undergone, coupled with an enhanced fine to ensure justice to the victim. (Paras 15 and 16)

Facts of the case:
The revision petitioners were convicted for causing injuries and damaging property during a dispute. The trial court sentenced them, but the appellate court later modified the conviction by setting aside the charges for serious bodily injury and reducing the sentences for minor injuries. The victims filed an appeal against the reduction of charges, while the accused filed a revision challenging the conviction and the quantum of the sentence.

Findings of Court:
The court held that the conviction was consistent with the evidence on record, but the acquittal regarding serious injuries was justified because the medical expert could not confirm the identity of the diagnostic materials presented. The court found that the incident was a spur-of-the-moment occurrence involving individuals with no criminal history.

Issues: The issues were whether the appellate court correctly decided to acquit the accused of grievous injury charges, whether the conviction itself was sustainable, and whether the quantum of the sentence was proportionate to the offense.

Ratio Decidendi: Appellate intervention is not warranted unless findings are perverse. Since no evidence established the identity of the injury records and the incident was not premeditated, the court maintained the conviction but modified the custodial sentence to the period already served, replacing it with an enhanced fine payable to the injured party.

Result: Criminal appeal dismissed; Criminal revision partly allowed.

Table of Content
1. case facts and procedural history of conviction and appeal. (Para 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
2. appellate review of evidentiary weight and trial court findings. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
3. requirements for proving grievous injury and expert evidence. (Para 13 , 14)
4. determination of sentencing proportionality and modification of penalties. (Para 15 , 16 , 17)

ORDER :

Gajendra Singh, J.

Criminal revision No.4860/2019 filed under section 397 r/w section 401 of the Cr.P.C, 1973 is preferred being aggrieved by the judgment dated 26.09.2019 in criminal appeal no.260/2016 by 2nd ASJ, Shujalpur, district Shajapur arising out of the judgment dated 25.06.2016 in criminal case no.1277/14 by JMFC, Shujalpur, district Shajapur, M.P whereby the appellate court has modified by the judgment passed by the trial court and convicted and sentenced the revision petitioners as under:

Name of AccusedUnder SectionSentenceFineDefault Sentence
Inder Singh24/34 IPC2 months RIRs.2000/-1 year RI
323 IPCRs.1000/-
427 IPCRs.1,000/-
Pravin Singh324 IPC2 months RIRs.2000/1 year RI
323/34 IPCRs.1,000/-
427 IPCRs.1,000/-
Liladhar324/34 IPC2 months RIRs.2000/-1 year RI
323/34 IPCRs.1000/
427 IPCRs.1,000/-
Bhupendar Singh324/34 IPC2 months RI1 year RI
323/34 IPCRs.1000/-
427 IPC Rs.1000/-

2. Criminal Appeal No.10679/2019 filed under proviso to section 372 of the Cr.P.C, 1973 is preferred by the complainants being aggrieved by the judgment dated 26.09.2019 in criminal appeal no.260/2016 by 2nd ASJ, Shujalpur, district Shajapur arising out of the judgment dated 25.06.2016 in criminal case no.1277/14 by JMFC, Shujalpur, district Shajapur, M.P whereby the appellants/complainants have prayed for setting aside the judgment passed by the appellate court and convicting and sentencing the accused/revision petitioners as per the trial court judgment dated 25.06.2016.

3. Facts in brief are that revision petitioners were prosecuted under sections 324 alternatively 324 r/w section 34, 325 alternatively 325 r/w section 34, 294, 506, 427 of the IPC for committing crime towards Arvind (PW/1) on 25.06.2014 at 6.30 p.m in village Jabadiya Gharwas, police station Kalapipal, Shajapur and causing loss to truck no.MP-09-GF-2611. Crime No.253/14 was registered at police station Kalapipal, district Shajapur. After investigation, the report was submited and regular trial no.1277/14 was registered.

4. The revision petitioners abjured guilt and claimed for trial and prosecution examined victim Arvind as PW/1, Kedarsingh as PW/2, Anand Singh as PW/3, Ravi as PW/4, Raghuvir Singh as PW/5, Medical Officer Dr.R.K.Verma as PW/6, Head Constable Subhash Patel posted at PS Kalapipal as PW/7.

5. In examination under section 313 of the Cr.P.C, 1973 all the facts and circumstances were either denied or ignorance was expressed and they did not adduce any evidence in defence.

6. Appreciating the evidence, trial court convicted and sentenced the appellants as mentioned in para-32 of the trial court judgment.

7. In appeal, the conviction under section 325 of the IPC was set aside and the offence of section 325 IPC was reduced to section 323 of the IPC and sentence of one year imprisonment was reduced to 2 months RI and fine of Rs.500/- was enhanced to Rs.2,000/- and with the aforesaid modifications the revision petitioners were convicted and sentenced as mentioned in para-1 of the judgment. Challenging the conviction as well as sentence, revision petition has been preferred on the ground that the case against the victim through crime no.252/14 was not considered. The sentence was also not proportionate. Criminal Appeal No.10679/2019 has been preferred on the ground of acquittal from the charges under section 325 r/w section 34 of the IPC and reduction of sentence under section 324 of the IPC ignoring the evidence available on record and the nature of offence.

8. Heard.

9. State has opposed the revision petition and supported the criminal appeal.

10. Perused the record.

11. The appellate court has considered the

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