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2025 Supreme(Kar) 2857

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT DHARWAD
HANCHATE SANJEEVKUMAR, J.
Bheemappa S/o Ramanna Pujar – Appellant
Versus
Basobi W/o Shabboddin Naikar – Respondent
Regular First Appeal No. 4043 of 2013
Decided On : 07-11-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Prashant Hosamani
For the Respondents: S.V. Koppar, Abhinadndan Hiremath, Mahalakshmi N. Shagoti

Recognition of 'No Marriage' between parties of different religions precludes rights to property succession, emphasizing strict adherence to marriage laws under Hindu Succession Act, 1956.

Headnote:(A) Hindu Succession Act, 1956 - Sections 8 and 15(1)(b) - Dispute regarding succession to property - Plaintiffs claim entitlement to property of deceased based on Class-II legal heir status - Trial Court dismissed the suit, stating that deceased's wife, who was Muslim, inherited the property as a Class-I legal heir - Court held that there was 'No Marriage' between deceased Hindu, Bheemappa Pujar, and deceased Muslim, Khatunbi, due to lack of customary marriage rites - Findings included that Khatunbi's alleged will was void as executed without authority - The plaintiffs, as Class-II legal heirs of Bheemappa, are entitled to succeed to the property. (Paras 72, 74, 69, 18, 15)

(B) Marriage - Validity - Court delineated that mere cohabitation without ceremonial marriage does not confer legal status of marriage under Hindu law - The Court discussed previous judgments emphasizing that both parties must be Hindus for a marriage to be valid - Found that Khatunbi, while having lived with Bheemappa, could not be recognized as his legal wife. (Paras 36, 50, 63)

(C) Property Rights - Legal heirs’ entitlement post-death of intestate - The plaintiffs entitled only to cultivation rights, with ownership remaining with the State Government due to grant usage - The Court clarified that successful cultivation does not confer ownership rights. (Paras 72, 69)

Table of Content
1. overview of the case and plaintiff claims. (Para 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8)
2. court's reasoning on marriage validity and inheritance law. (Para 15 , 16 , 19 , 30 , 39 , 46 , 54 , 60)
3. arguments regarding marriage validity and inheritance rights. (Para 20 , 21 , 24 , 26)
4. determination of property rights of plaintiffs under hs act. (Para 69 , 72)
5. final orders and injunctions granted. (Para 74)

JUDGMENT :

HANCHATE SANJEEVKUMAR, J.

1. This appeal is filed by the plaintiffs challenging the judgment and decree dated 30.11.2012 passed in O.S.No.267/2010 on the file of I Additional Senior Civil Judge, Hubballi, 1hereinafter referred to as ‘the Trial Court’ for short, thereby, the suit filed by the plaintiffs is dismissed.

2. For the sake of convenience and easy reference, the parties are referred to as per their rankings before the Trial Court.

PLAINT:

3. It is the case of the plaintiffs that the suit schedule property was granted by the Government to one Bheemappa S/o Basappa Pujar on 27.04.1975 by M.E.No.2202 and he has wife by name Smt. Khatunbi and the said Bheemappa Pujar and Khatunbi died issueless. Bheemappa Pujar had one brother namely Ramappa Pujar and was cultivating the suit land together by planting full trees etc. Ramappa Pujar was also expired leaving behind the plaintiffs and defendant Nos.10 to 14 as his legal heirs. Thus, the plaintiffs are Class-II legal heirs.

4. Further it is pleaded that, after the death of Bheemappa Pujar, his brother Ramappa Pujar was legally entitled to right over the suit schedule property by way of succession as per the Hindu Law as nearest relation with the deceased Bheemappa Pujar. Defendant Nos.1 to 9 and their father Shabbuddin S/o. Hasansab Naikar got an entry in the record of right of the suit schedule property by M.E.No.2527 which was certified on 03.02.1983 in collusion with the revenue authorities without any legal rights.

5. It is submitted that this entry mutating the name of defendant Nos.1 to 9, has not created any right over the suit schedule property in favour of defendant Nos.1 to 9. Defendant No.7 created false entry on 18.02.2008 in respect of Sy.No.174/01 (part of suit schedule property) by way of registered Will stated to have been executed by the deceased Khatunbi Bheemappa Pujar, but in fact there is no such Will executed by the deceased Khatunbi Bheemappa Pujar and defendant No.7 has no right over the suit schedule property.

6. The plaintiffs came to know that defendant Nos.1 to 8 have filed the suit in O.S.No.711/2008 against defendant No.9 before the Principal Civil Judge (Junior Division), Hubballi, for partition by suppressing the material facts and acquisition of the right in the suit schedule property and the said suit in O.S.No.711/2008 was decreed. Therefore, the plaintiffs are constrained to file the suit against defendant Nos.1 to 9 for declaration that the plaintiffs are legal heirs of the original grantee Bheemappa S/o. Basappa Pujar and are entitled to claim the right in the suit schedule property by way of succession. Thus, defendant Nos.1 to 9 have no right in whatsoever manner in the suit schedule property; hence, filed the suit for declaration and for permanent injunction.

7. The cause of action pleaded to file the suit that in the month of September 2010, the plaintiffs came to know that the suit filed by defendant Nos.1 to 8 for partition was decreed and therefore, the plaintiffs have filed the suit for declaration to declare that the plaintiffs are the only legal heirs of the deceased Bheemappa S/o. Basappa Pujar; as such defendant Nos.1 to 9 have no right in whatsoever manner in the suit schedule property. The plaintiffs also prayed to declare that the registered Will executed by the deceased Khatunbi in favour of defendant No.7 is bogus and for consequential relief of permanent injunction against defendant Nos.1 to 9.

WRITTEN STATEMENT:

8. In pursuance to summons to defendant Nos.1 to9, they have appeared through Advocate. Defendant Nos

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