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2023 Supreme(SC) 555

D. Y. CHANDRACHUD, HIMA KOHLI, PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA
K. C. Ninan – Appellant
Versus
Kerala State Electricity Board – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant(s) : Mr. Romy Chacko, AOR Mr. Prashant Kumar, Adv. Mr. Robin V.S., Adv. Mr. E.M.S. Anam, AOR Mr. Sanjay Kumar Visen, AOR Mr. Puneet Jain, Adv. Ms. Christi Jain, Adv. Mr. Yogit Kamat, Adv. Mrs. Shruti Singh, Adv. Mr. Umang Mehta, Adv. Mr. Mann Arora, Adv. Ms. Akriti Sharma, Adv. Ms. Pratibha Jain, AOR Mr. Bhargava V. Desai, AOR Ms. Devina Bhandari, Adv. Mr. V. Giri, Sr. Adv. Mr. Nikhil Jain, AOR Ms. Divya Jain, Adv. Mr. Prashant Mohla, Adv. Mr. Santanu Ghosh, Adv. Mr. Ranjit Kumar, Sr. Adv. Mr. Mahesh Agarwal, Adv. Mr. Ankur Saigal, Adv. Ms. Sayaree Basu Mallik, Adv. Mr. Abhinabh Garg, Adv. Mr. Shashwat Singh, Adv. Mr. E.C. Agrawala, AOR Mr. Pradeep Misra, AOR Ms. Madhumita Bhattacharjee, AOR Ms. Srija Choudhury, Adv. Ms. Urmila Kar Purkayastha, Adv. Mr. Annant, Adv.
For the Respondent(s): Ms. Hemantika Wahi, AOR Ms. Srishti Khindaria, Adv. Ms. Ruby Singh Ahuja, AOR Mr. Praveen Chaturvedi, AOR Mr. Chirag M. Shroff, AOR Mr. Ashok Mathur, AOR Mrs. Manik Karanjawala, AOR Mr. Raj Singh Rana, AOR Mr. Purvish Jitendra Malkan, AOR Mr. Rameshwar Prasad Goyal, AOR Mr. M.Y. Deshmukh, Adv. Ms. Adviteeya Sharma, Adv. Ms. Manjeet Kirpal, Adv. Mr. Nandkumar Deshmukh, Adv. Mr. Ramesh Lal Bhatia, AOR Mr. D.N. Ray, Adv. Mr. Dillip Kumar Nayak, Adv. Ms. Disha Ray, Adv. Mrs. Sumita Ray, AOR Mr. Shivaji M. Jadhav, AOR Mr. Brij Kishor Sah, Adv. Mr. Adarsh Kumar Pandey, Adv. Ms. Apurva, Adv. Mr. R.B. Phookan, Adv. Ms. Neha Tandon, Adv. Mr. Shailesh Madiyal, AOR Mr. P.S. Patwalia, Sr. Adv. Ms. Bansuri Swaraj, Adv. Mr. Siddhesh Kotwal, Adv. Ms. Ana Upadhyay, Adv. Ms. Manya Hasija, Adv. Mr. Nihar Dharmadhikari, Adv. Mr. Md Sontu Mia, Adv. Mr. Nirnimesh Dube, AOR Mr. Ram Lal Roy, AOR Ms. Sharmila Upadhyay, AOR M/s. Ap & J Chambers Mr. Abhijeet Sinha, AOR Mr. Jatin Zaveri, AOR Mr. Romy Chacko, AOR Mr. Prashant Kumar, Adv. Mr. Robin V.S., Adv. Mr. P.N. Gupta, AOR Mr. P.V. Dinesh, AOR Mr. Raghenth Basant, Adv. Ms. Nida K, Adv. Mr. Akhil K M, Adv. Mr. P.V. Yogeswaran, AOR Mr. Amar Dave, Adv. Mr. P.S. Sudheer, AOR Mr. Rishi Maheshwari, Adv. Ms. Anne Mathew, Adv. Mr. Bharat Sood, Adv. Ms. Sneha Kalita, AOR Mr. Ravindra Kumar, Sr. Adv. Ms. Divya Roy, AOR

JUDGMENT :

Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud, CJI.

Table of Contents

A.

Overview

B.

Regulatory Regime

C.

The position in law

D.

Issues

E.

Submissions

F.

Analysis

G.

Application: Facts of Individual Cases

I. Kerala

II. Maharashtra

III. Gujarat

IV. Assam

V. West Bengal

H.

Equity and Fairness

I.

Conclusions

A. Overview

1. The nineteen cases in this batch of appeals follow a similar pattern of facts. The supply of electricity was discontinued due to the failure of the previous owners to pay the dues for consumption of electricity on the premises. The previous owners had borrowed money or raised loans on the security of their premises. In some cases, the erstwhile owner went into liquidation. The premises were sold in auction sales generally on an “as is where is” basis. The new owners, who purchased the properties in auction, applied for new electricity connections for the premises to which electricity had been disconnected for failure to pay the dues. The Electric Utilities refused to provide an electricity connection unle


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