Judgment

Misra, J.—Delay condoned in SLP (C) No. 1386 of 2001 (CC No. 2360).

2. Leave granted in all the special leave petitions.

3. The aforesaid appeals raise common questions hence are being disposed of by means of this common judgment. These appeals arise out of industrial disputes through references by the Government of Gujarat under Section 10(1)(C) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

It raised the following questions:

“Whether the employees listed in the scheduled annexed be made permanent, as from the day, when they complete 240 days service, and if in affirmative, whether they are entitled to all the benefits at par with the permanent employees, and be paid arrears.”

Before entering into the issues in this case it is necessary to give certain essential facts in order to appreciate the controversies.

4. The appellant is an educational institution fully aided by the State Government and is engaged in the educational activities in agriculture and allied sciences and humanity and is also prosecuting research in agriculture and other allied science. It performs its duties and functions under the statutory provisions and in doing so it engages daily rated labourers for various activi