SupremeToday Landscape Ad
Back
Next
Judicial Analysis Court Copy Headnote Facts Arguments Court observation
Listen Audio Icon Pause Audio Icon
judgment-img

2008 Supreme(SC) 1129

2008 (9) SCC 632
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
C.K. THAKKER And D.K. JAIN, JJ.
SHAIL KUMARI DEVI & ANR. - APPELLANTS
VERSUS
KRISHAN BHAGWAN PATHAK @ KISHUN B. PATHAK - RESPONDENT
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 4666 OF 2008
Decided On: JULY 28, 2008.

Headnote:Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 125 - Maintenance to wife and daughter-Maintenance is a right which accrues to a wife against her husband the minute the former gets married to the latter-It is not only a moral obligation but is also a legal duty cast upon the husband to maintain his wife-Whenever, a wife does not stay with her husband and claims maintenance, the only question which the court is called upon to consider is whether she was justified to live separately from her husband and still claim maintenance from him? -If the reply is in the affirmative, she is entitled to claim maintenance-It is open to the Magistrate to award maintenance from the date of application and there is nothing which requires recording of special reasons. (Para 46)

       Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 125 (as it stood before 2001 Amendment)-Maintenance - Quantum of-Family court granting maintenance of appellants (wife and daughter) @ Rs. 2000/and Rs. 1000/- respective from the date of application i.e. July 21, 1997-The ceiling before 2001 Amendment being Rs. 500/-, the maintenance granted is excessive-However, the appellants granted maintenance @ Rs. 1000/- each from the date of Amendment Act, 2001. (Paras 48 to 50)

       (1985)4 SCC 3372 = 1986 Cr.LJ 41, 1983 Jab LJ 55, 1987 Cri LJ 1952 (MP), (1983) 1 Crimes 590 (MP), (1992) 1 WLC 305 (Raj), 1998 CriLJ 2704 (Raj), 1998 Cri LJ 2803 (All), 2002 CriLJ 4768 (Cal), 2001 Cri LJ 2064 (All), (2000)2 PLJR 241, (1999)1 Crimes 22 (Mad), (1988)3 SCC 167, 1996 CriLJ 4476 (P & H), 1992 Cri LJ 1028 (MP), 1990 Cri LJ 1880 (AP)-Referred to.

Judgement Key Points

Certainly. Based on the provided legal document, here are the key points summarized:

  1. Maintenance Rights and Legal Duty:
  2. A wife has a right to maintenance from her husband immediately upon marriage. This right is both moral and legal (!) .
  3. The primary consideration in maintenance cases is whether the wife was justified in living separately from her husband while still claiming maintenance (!) .

  4. Effective Date of Maintenance:

  5. Maintenance can be awarded from the date of the application or from the date of the order, depending on the court's decision (!) (!) .
  6. The court must record reasons if it grants maintenance from the date of the application rather than the date of the order (!) (!) .

  7. Interim Maintenance:

  8. Even in the absence of explicit statutory provisions, courts have implied power to grant interim maintenance to prevent destitution during proceedings (!) (!) (!) .
  9. The law was amended to expressly authorize courts to grant interim maintenance, recognizing its importance for speedy relief (!) (!) .

  10. Legal Provisions and Amendments:

  11. The maximum ceiling for maintenance was initially Rs. 500 per month but was removed after amendments, allowing courts to fix reasonable amounts based on circumstances (!) (!) .
  12. The amendments also clarified that maintenance is payable from the date of the order or, if ordered, from the date of the application, with the court required to record reasons if deviating from the default (!) (!) .

  13. Principles for Fixing Maintenance:

  14. The amount of maintenance should be fair and proportionate to the respondent's means, considering property and income sources of the wife and her inheritance (!) (!) .
  15. The court should consider all relevant facts, including property, inheritance, and income, when determining the quantum of maintenance (!) (!) .

  16. Court’s Discretion and Record-Keeping:

  17. Orders under Section 125 must include points for determination, the decision, and reasons for the decision (!) (!) .
  18. Courts have discretion to award maintenance from either the date of the application or the date of the order, but reasons must be recorded if the date differs from the default (!) (!) .

  19. Legal Interpretation:

  20. The law should be interpreted in a manner that advances its social purpose, ensuring speedy and fair relief for applicants (!) (!) .
  21. The power to grant interim maintenance is implied and necessary for the effective operation of the law, even if not explicitly stated (!) (!) .

  22. Specific Case Findings:

  23. Maintenance was granted to the wife and daughter from the date of the application, but this was later modified to the date of the court order (!) (!) .
  24. The amount of maintenance was reduced from the initial award, aligning with the legal ceiling and the respondent's financial capacity (!) (!) .

Please let me know if you need further elaboration or specific legal advice related to this document.


JUDGMENT

C.K. Thakker, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. The present appeal is filed by appellant No. 1-wife and appellant No. 2-daughter of respondent herein-Krishan Bhagwan Pathak. The appellants have approached this Court being aggrieved by the judgment and order passed by the High Court of Judicature at Patna on May 3, 2007 in Criminal Revision No. 67 of 2007. By the said order, the High Court partly allowed the revision filed by the respondent-husband and modified the order passed by the Court of Principal Judge, Family Court, Bhojpur on October 30, 2006 in Miscellaneous Case No. 280 of 1997, renumbered as No. 1 of 2005.

3. Shortly stated the facts of the case are that the marriage between appellant No. 1 and the respondent was solemnized according to Hindu rites, customs and ceremonies before more than three decades. From the said wedlock, nine children were born. Appellant No. 2-Kumari Babli is the youngest among all and she is the only child staying with her mother-appellant No. 1. At the time of filing of the application, she was of twelve years.

4. On July 21, 1997, the appellants filed a case for maintenance in the Court of Chief Judicial Magistrate, Bhojpur under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter referred to as `the Code') (Misc. Case No. 280 of 1997) claiming maintenance of Rs. 500/- p.m. for appellant No. 1 and Rs. 500/- p.m. for appellant No. 2. It was the case of the appellant No. 1 that her husband had neglected to maintain his wife-appellant No. 1 as also his legitimate daughter-appellant No. 2. On November 20, 1999, an application was filed by the appellants requesting the Court to grant `interim' maintenance during the pendency of proceedings before the Court. The learned Chief Judicial Magistrate allowed the said application, granted the prayer and fixed interim maintenance at the rate of Rs. 300/- p.m. for each of the applicants with effect from February 12, 1998. The parties, thereafter, led the evidence which was closed on September 3, 2001 and the case was adjourned for final arguments. During the pendency of proceedings, however, Family Court came to be established and the case was transferred to the Principal Judge, Family Court, Bhojpur.

5. From the evidence, it was clear that the respondent was working as Cashier with the State Bank of India, Bihita Branch and was getting gross salary of Rs. 18,508-98. After deduction, his pay packet was of Rs. 9,831-76. The respondent retired from service in January, 2006. The appellants filed a petition on September 12, 2006 with a prayer to direct the respondent to pay arrears of maintenance which came to Rs. 11,600/- and the Family Court on October 30, 2006, allowed the application and directed the respondent to pay the entire amount of the arrears in lump sum by the next date of hearing.

6. The matter was finally disposed of by the Family Court on November 29, 2006 and the learned Principal Judge of the Family Court directed the respondent to pay maintenance of Rs. 2,000/- p.m. to applicant-appellant No. 1- wife and Rs. 1,000/- p.m. to applicant-appellant No. 2-minor daughter with effect from the date of application i.e. July 21, 1997 with further order to pay arrears within three months of the order after deducting the amount which had already been paid under the interim order passed by the Court earlier.

7. The appellant was dissatisfied with the order passed by the Principal Judge of the Family Court and preferred Criminal Revision No. 67 of 2007 in the High Court.

8. The High Court partly allowed the Revision and modified the direction issued by the Family Court. The High Court reduced the amount of maintenance from Rs. 2,000/- to Rs. 750/- to appellant No. 1-wife and from Rs. 1,000/- to Rs. 750/- to appellant No. 2- daughter. The High Court also directed that the amount of maintenance would be payable to the applicants-appellants not from the date of the application i.e. July 21, 1997 but from the date of the order i.e. November 29, 2006. The















































































Click Here to Read the rest of this document
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
SupremeToday Portrait Ad
supreme today icon
logo-black

An indispensable Tool for Legal Professionals, Endorsed by Various High Court and Judicial Officers

Please visit our Training & Support
Center or Contact Us for assistance

qr

Scan Me!

India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!

For Daily Legal Updates, Join us on :

whatsapp-icon Back to top