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2025 Supreme(SC) 239

B. R. GAVAI, PRASHANT KUMAR MISHRA, K. V. VISWANATHAN
Chandrabhan Sudam Sanap – Appellant
Versus
State of Maharashtra – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant(s) : Mr. Shri Singh, Adv. Ms. Pratiksha Basarkar, Adv. Ms. Sakshi Jain, Adv. Ms. Surabhi Vaya, Adv. Ms. Pritha Srikumar Iyer, AOR
For the Respondent(s): Mr. Raja Thakare, A.S.G. Mr. Siddharth Dharmadhikari, Adv. Mr. Aaditya Aniruddha Pande, AOR Mr. Bharat Bagla, Adv. Mr. Akash Kavade, Adv. Mr. Aniruddha Deshmukh, Adv. Mr. Aditya Krishna, Adv. Ms. Preet S. Phanse, Adv. Mr. Adarsh Dubey, Adv.

Judgement Key Points

Certainly. Based on the provided legal document, here are the key points summarized:

  1. The case involves a murder charge where the evidence primarily rests on circumstantial evidence. The court emphasizes that such evidence must establish a complete and unbroken chain of guilt beyond reasonable doubt, especially in cases leading to capital punishment (!) (!) .

  2. The prosecution relied on various pieces of circumstantial evidence, including CCTV footage, witness testimonies, and extrajudicial confessions. However, the court found significant infirmities in the reliability and admissibility of this evidence, particularly the CCTV footage, which lacked the requisite legal certification under the relevant evidentiary provisions (!) (!) .

  3. The CCTV footage was obtained from DVRs with limited retention periods, and the prosecution failed to produce the necessary certification to establish its admissibility under the law governing electronic evidence. As a result, the court held that the CCTV evidence could not be relied upon to establish the identity or last seen circumstances of the accused and the deceased (!) (!) .

  4. Witness testimonies regarding the last seen together or sightings of the accused around the time of the incident were inconsistent, delayed, and lacked corroboration. Many witnesses only claimed to have seen the accused alone, and their statements were recorded well after the incident, raising doubts about their reliability (!) (!) (!) (!) .

  5. The identification procedures, including the identification parade, were deemed unreliable due to the circulation of photographs in the media prior to the parade, which compromised the fairness and independence of the identification process (!) (!) .

  6. The evidence of the accused’s extra-judicial confession was considered weak, surrounded by suspicious circumstances, and lacked corroboration. The court highlighted that such confessions require careful scrutiny and should be supported by cogent circumstances to be deemed reliable (!) (!) .

  7. The recovery of articles, including the trolley bag and other items, was found to be unconvincing due to procedural lapses, lack of proper documentation, and the presence of holes in the chain of custody. The evidence linking these articles to the accused was therefore insufficient to establish guilt (!) (!) .

  8. The medical evidence confirmed that the death was homicidal, caused by head injury with associated injuries to the genital region, which could have been caused by forcible entry. Nonetheless, the court noted discrepancies and the absence of direct evidence linking the accused to the act of killing (!) (!) .

  9. The court critically examined the timeline of events, witness credibility, and the reliability of the evidence presented. It concluded that many of the prosecution’s circumstantial evidence pieces were weak, inconsistent, or improperly obtained, which collectively failed to establish the accused’s guilt beyond reasonable doubt (!) (!) .

  10. Ultimately, the court held that the prosecution did not meet the burden of proof necessary for a conviction, especially for a capital offense. The evidence was insufficiently conclusive, and the chain of circumstances was not complete or free from reasonable doubt (!) (!) .

  11. As a result, the court allowed the appeal, set aside the conviction, and acquitted the accused. The judgment underscores the importance of adhering to legal standards for evidence, particularly electronic evidence, and the necessity of establishing guilt beyond reasonable doubt in serious criminal cases (!) .

Please let me know if you require further analysis or specific legal advice related to this case.


Table of Content
1. conviction and sentence details (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14)
2. prosecution's reliance on circumstantial evidence (Para 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68)
3. analysis of witness credibility (Para 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119)
4. insufficient evidence for conviction (Para 120 , 121 , 122 , 123)
5. appeal allowed and acquittal (Para 124)

JUDGMENT :

1. The present appeal calls in question the correctness of the judgment of the High Court of Judicature at Bombay dated 20.12.2018 in Confirmation Case no. 3 of 2015 with Criminal Appeal No. 1111 of 2015. By the said judgment, the High Court upheld the conviction and the sentence of death imposed on the appellant by the C

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