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2025 Supreme(SC) 260

J. B. PARDIWALA, R. MAHADEVAN
Om Prakash Ambadkar – Appellant
Versus
State of Maharashtra – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant(s) : Mr. Kishor Lambat,Adv. M/S. Lambat And Associates, AOR
For the Respondent(s): Mr. Sachin Patil, AOR Mr. Rahul Chintis, Adv. Mr. Aaditya A. Pande, Adv Mr. Geo Joseph, Adv. Ms. Shwetal Shepal, Adv.

Judgement Key Points

Certainly. Based on the provided legal document, the key points are as follows:

  1. A Magistrate must exercise judicial discretion and carefully evaluate whether the allegations in a complaint disclose a cognizable offence before directing police to investigate under Section 156(3) of the Cr.P.C. (!) (!)

  2. The Magistrate's order for police investigation should not be mechanical; it must be preceded by a proper application of mind to the allegations and the ingredients of the offence. The order should be reasoned and based on an assessment of whether the complaint discloses a cognizable offence. (!) (!)

  3. Mere allegations of abusive language or conduct are insufficient to establish offences under Sections 294, 504, or 506 of the IPC unless the specific elements of these offences are clearly disclosed and proven. For example, abusive words alone do not necessarily amount to obscene acts or criminal intimidation unless they meet the criteria of the respective sections. (!) (!) (!)

  4. The court emphasizes that the act of a police officer within public view or in the course of official duty must meet the specific criteria of the offence; abuse or assault alone may not constitute the offences under Sections 294, 504, or 506 unless the elements of the offences are satisfied. (!) (!) (!)

  5. When an application under Section 156(3) is made, it is essential for the Magistrate to verify whether the allegations constitute a cognizable offence and whether police investigation is necessary. The Magistrate should not pass a mechanical order but must critically analyze the allegations and the context. (!) (!) (!)

  6. The application for police investigation under Section 156(3) should be supported by an affidavit, and the applicant should be responsible for the veracity of the allegations. The Magistrate may verify the truth and the allegations' credibility before issuing directions for investigation. (!) (!) (!) (!)

  7. The law has evolved to include procedural safeguards and judicial oversight to prevent misuse of the powers under Section 156(3). These include considering submissions of police officers and requiring prior applications under Sections 154(1) and 154(3) of the Cr.P.C., along with affidavits to ensure accountability. (!) (!) (!) (!)

  8. The recent legislative changes reinforce the importance of a reasoned and judicially mindful approach by Magistrates before directing police investigations, including conducting necessary inquiries and considering police submissions. These steps aim to prevent frivolous or unfounded investigations. (!) (!) (!)

  9. The court underscores that investigations should only be directed when genuinely necessary, and the allegations are prima facie sufficient to warrant further inquiry. Orders issued without proper consideration may be set aside to prevent abuse of process. (!) (!) (!) (!)

  10. The overall approach emphasizes the importance of judicial oversight, procedural safeguards, and the need for Magistrates to exercise their discretion responsibly to ensure that investigations are initiated only when justified by the facts and allegations. (!) (!) (!)


ORDER

1. The Respondent No. 3 who is the original complainant, although served with the notice issued by this Court, has chosen not to remain present either in- person or through an advocate and oppose this appeal.

2. This appeal arises from the impugned common Judgment and Order passed by the High Court of Judicature at Bombay, Nagpur Bench, Nagpur dated 16.10.2019 in Criminal Application No. 33/2012 by which the High Court rejected the application filed by the appellant herein under Section 482 of Code of the Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter, referred to as “the Cr.P.C.”) and thereby affirmed the order passed by the Judicial Magistrate First Class, Digras under Section 156(3) of the Cr.P.C. directing the police authorities to register the FIR against the appellant herein for the offence punishable under Sections 323, 294, 500, 504 & 506 respectively of the Indian Penal Code (for short, “the IPC”).

3. It appears from the materials on record that the original complainant preferred an application under Section 156(3) of the Cr.P.C. in the Court of Judicial Magistrate First Class, Digras praying that the police authorities be directed to register his FIR for the offences enumerated

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