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2025 Supreme(SC) 1119

B. R. GAVAI, AUGUSTINE GEORGE MASIH
Manohar – Appellant
Versus
State of Maharashtra – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Petitioner(s): Mr. Deshmukh Adith Satish, AOR Mr. Bharat Thakorlal Manubarwala, AOR
For the Respondent(s): R 1 and 2 : Ms. Rukhmini Bobde, Adv. Mr. Siddharth Dharmadhikari, Adv. Mr. Aaditya Aniruddha Pande, AOR Ms. Soumya Priyadarshinee, Adv. Mr. Vinayak Aren, Adv. Mr. Amlaan Kumar, Adv. Mr. Naveen Kumar Bhardwaj, Adv.
For R 3 : Ms. Shyamali Gadre, Adv. (Through VC) Mr. Soumik Ghosal, AOR Mr. G Pal, Adv. Mr. Ashutosh Chaturvedi, Adv.

Judgement Key Points

Certainly. Here are the key points from the legal document:

  • The case involves land acquisition and the determination of fair compensation for the landowners, who are farmers. The land was acquired for setting up an industrial area in Jintur, Parbhani District, Maharashtra (!) (!) .

  • The initial compensation awarded by the Land Acquisition Officer was challenged by the landowners, resulting in a reference to the Court of the Principal District Judge, which partly allowed the claim and increased the compensation (!) (!) .

  • The landowners relied on several sale exemplars to establish the market value of their land, particularly emphasizing the highest sale price of Rs. 72,900 per acre from a sale deed dated 31st March 1990, which they claimed was a bona fide transaction reflecting the true market value (!) (!) .

  • The Reference Court initially determined the land value by applying a deduction of 20% to the sale exemplar considered most relevant, resulting in a compensation of Rs. 32,000 per acre (!) .

  • The Reference Court overlooked the highest sale exemplar (Rs. 72,900 per acre), which was a significant error, as it was a bona fide transaction and more reflective of the market value at the relevant time (!) .

  • The High Court dismissed the appeal, agreeing with the Reference Court's approach, but the Supreme Court found this to be erroneous because the Reference Court did not consider the highest exemplar sale deed, and the High Court incorrectly stated otherwise (!) (!) .

  • The Supreme Court concluded that the highest bona fide sale exemplar should be given priority in determining market value, and the approach of averaging multiple sale prices with wide disparity was inappropriate in this context (!) (!) .

  • The Court emphasized that the land in question was situated in a prime location near Jintur, with non-agricultural potential, and had advantageous features such as proximity to water facilities and transportation routes, supporting a higher valuation (!) (!) (!) .

  • The Court decided to enhance the compensation from Rs. 32,000 per acre to Rs. 58,320 per acre, considering the highest sale exemplar and relevant factors, along with granting all consequential benefits such as solatium and interest on the enhanced amount (!) (!) .

  • The previous judgments and awards were quashed and set aside, and the case was remitted for the calculation of compensation based on the highest exemplar sale price, ensuring fair and just compensation for the landowners (!) (!) .

  • The decision underscores the importance of considering the most recent and highest bona fide sale transactions to determine true market value in land acquisition cases, especially when the land is situated in prime locations with potential for non-agricultural use.


JUDGMENT :

B.R. GAVAI, CJI.

1. Delay condoned.

2. Leave granted.

3. The present batch of appeals challenge the common judgment and final order dated 21st April, 2022, passed by a learned Single Judge of the High Court of Judicature at Bombay, Bench at Aurangabad (hereinafter “High Court”) whereby the First Appeals filed by the claimants/Appellants came to be dismissed.

FACTS

4. The facts, in brief, giving rise to the present appeals are as given below:

    4.1. The Appellants, in the lead matter, are farmers and were owners of land bearing Survey No. 103 and 104, admeasuring 16 Hectare 79 Are situated at Village Pungala, Taluq and District Parbhani, Maharashtra.

    4.2. It appears that the land of the Appellants and other adjoining lands were sought to be acquired in the 1990s under the provisions of the Maharashtra Industrial Development Act, 1961 (hereinafter, “Act of 1961”) for setting up an Industrial Area near Jintur town in Parbhani District.

    4.3. On 16th January, 1992, the Land Acquisition Officer & Deputy Collector, Hingoli (hereinafter “Land Acquisition Officer”) issued a notice under sub-section (2) of Section 32 of the Act of 1961.

    4.4. On 6th December, 1994, the Respondent-State took

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