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2025 Supreme(Kar) 483

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA, KALABURAGI BENCH 
V SRISHANANDA, J.
Surendra S/o Shanthkumar Kote - Appellant 
Versus 
The State Of Karnataka - Respondent  
Criminal Appeal No.200009 of 2021
Decided on : 18-06-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :SRI. SHIVANAND V. PATTANASHETTI, ADVOCATE
For the Respondent: SRI. JAMADAR SHAHABUDDIN, HCGP

Conviction under Section 394 necessitates corroborative evidence, which was lacking due to hostile testimony; therefore, conviction was modified to Section 324.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code - Sections 394 and 324 - Conviction for robbery - Accused convicted under Section 394 and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for 4 years; fine imposed with provision for compensation to injured parties - Conviction later set aside and scaled down to Section 324 due to lack of grievous injury as defined under IPC - Instance of insufficient corroboration from key witnesses leading to doubt on the prosecution case. (Paras 1-20)

(B) Evidence - Support from eyewitnesses - Key prosecution witnesses turned hostile and failed to corroborate the incident, undermining the credibility of the prosecution's case. (Paras 19.2-19.10)

(C) Legal Principles - The appellate court must assess whether the conviction stands on supported evidence; mere recovery of instruments or presence of witnesses does not suffice without corroboration. (Paras 19.11-19.18)

Facts of the case:
The appellant was accused of robbery and assaulting two individuals at a petrol pump. The trial resulted in conviction under Section 394, later contested in appeal based on the hostile testimony of key witnesses and lack of supporting evidence.

Findings of Court:
The initial conviction under Section 394 was set aside, amended to Section 324 with a reduced sentence reflecting insufficient evidence of grievous harm.

Issues: The main issues addressed were the sufficiency of evidence leading to the conviction under Section 394 and whether the legal framework was properly applied during the charges.

Ratio Decidendi: The Court determined that the lack of support from eyewitnesses and the nature of injuries led to the conclusion that the conviction under Section 394 was not sustainable, thus revising the charge to Section 324 with a modification in sentencing.

Result: Appeal allowed in part; conviction modified from Section 394 to 324.

Table of Content
1. incident and initial investigation facts (Para 3)
2. details of the crime and evidence (Para 4)
3. trial and evidence presentation process (Para 5 , 6)
4. arguments questioning the evidence (Para 8 , 10 , 11)
5. court's evaluation of evidence (Para 19)
6. final modification of conviction and sentence (Para 20)

JUDGMENT :

V SRISHANANDA, J.

1. Heard Sri. Shivanand V. Pattanashetty, learned counsel for the appellant and Sri. Jamadar Shahabuddin, learned HCGP for the respondent-State.

2. The present appellant is the accused who has suffered an order of conviction in S.C.No.243/2016 on the file of the Principal District and Sessions Judge, Bidar, by Judgment dated 16.12.2020 sentenced the accused as under:

ORDER

i. Accused Surendera S/o. Shanthkumar Kote, is hereby sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for 4 years for the offence punishable U/Sec. 394 of IPC and shall pay fine of Rs.10,000/-. In default of payment of fine, he shall undergo simple imprisonment for a period of three months.

ii. The DLSA, Bidar, is directed to work out compensation to Pw.8 Ramu and Pw.9 Anilkumar, by taking into consideration nature of injuries and the period of hospitalization.

iii. The accused is entitled for set off the period of detention during crime stage as provided U/Sec. 428 of Cr.P.C., iv. The bail bonds and surety bonds of the accused stands cancelled.

v. MO.1 knife is ordered to be confiscated to the State after the appeal period.

vi. The interim order of custody of vehicle given in favour of accused Surender S/o. Shanthkumar Kote, is hereby recalled and the vehicle bearing Reg. No.KA 38 L 4985 is ordered to be confiscated to State. Since accused is in judicial custody the concerned policed shall take possession of the vehicle and produce before the Court for confiscation.

vii. Issue conviction warrant accordingly.

viii. The Chief Administrative Officer of this Court is directed to send the certified copy of the judgment of conviction and order of sentence to the District Magistrate/Deputy Commissioner, Bidar, in compliance of Section 365 of Cr.P.C. and also DLSA, Bidar.

ix. The Chief Administrative Officer of this Court is directed to furnish free copy of the Judgment of conviction and order on sentence to the accused forthwith.

3. Facts in the nutshell which are utmost necessary for disposal of the present appeal are as under:

3.1. On 15.06.2016 a complaint came to be alleged with the Gandhi Gunj Police Station, Bidar, contending that, at about 11.00 p.m., the appellant came on a motorcycle bearing registration No.KA-38/L-6985, to Beldale Petrol Pump, Gumpa, Bidar, for filling the petrol to his motorcycle. Ganapathi being the salesman in the said petrol pump filled the petrol worth Rs.100/- at the request of the appellant. After filling the petrol, Ganapathi demanded payment of Rs.100/- being the cost of the petrol. The appellant not only refused to pay the amount of Rs.100/- but also he snatched Rs.500/- cash held by Ganapathi and wanted to escape away on the motorcycle.

3.2. On hearing the hue and cry, one Ramu and another Anilkumar who were the co-workers of Ganapathi, rushed to the scene and held the motorcycle and caught hold of the accused. Having failed to escape away from the scene of offence, the accused took out a knife which was in his possession and stabbed on the stomach of Anilkumar and assaulted Ramu with the same weapon behind the ear and caused grievous injuries and later on escaped away with the cash of Rs.500/-.

3.3. Immediately thereafter, Ganapathi approached the Gandhi Gunj Police Station and lodged the complaint. The police after registering the case thoroughly investigated the matter inter alia, arrested the accused and recovered the knife which was used in the incident pursuant to the voluntary statement given by the accused and on conclusion of the investigation, filed the charge-sheet.

4. Learned trial Magistrate committed the matter to the Sessions Court in view of the fact that, the offence alleged against t

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