IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
NITIN JAMDAR, ABHAY AHUJA, JJ.
Sabita Rajesh Narang – Appellant
Versus
Sandeep Gopal Raheja – Respondent
Appeal No. 517 of 2015, Suit No. 777 of 2014, Interim Application No. 607 of 2020
Decided On : 18-04-2023
Civil Procedure Code,1908 - Section 151 - Benami Act - Section 4(3)(a) and 2(9)(A)(b)(i) and (ii) – Property - Family arrangement - Appellant that family arrangement of 1995-96 as well as of 1987 and Suit No. , would show that was karta of HUF and Respondent no. 1 was a party to family arrangement and even signed same - Although Respondent no. 1 does not dispute his signature on family arrangement, share of Appellant is denied by him - It is claimed that first Respondent’s signature amounts to judicial admission binding on him in view of settled law- Further, with respect to issue of limitation, Appellant’s case is that cause of action when Respondent no. 1 for first time derogated from family arrangement and sought to espouse an oral family arrangement - Suit was filed it is submitted that suit is not barred by limitation - whether the exception under Section 4(3)(b) of the Benami Act applies to the Appellant - Whether plea of limitation can be decided as a preliminary issue of jurisdiction under Section 9A of the Code of Civil Procedure? - Held, Court are of view that a court trying a civil suit, cannot, in exercise of inherent power under Section 151 of Code, make an interim order directing plaintiff to file an undertaking that he will pay a sum directed by court to defendant as damages in case he fails in suit – Court appreciate anxiety shown by High Court to discourage land-grabbers, speculators, false claimants and adventurers in real estate from pressurizing hapless and innocent property owners to part with their property against their will, by filing suits which are vexatious, false or frivolous - But Court cannot approve method adopted by High Court which is wholly outside law - In a suit governed by Code, no court can, merely because it considers it just and equitable, issue directions which are contrary to or not authorized by law- Appeal stands allowed.
JUDGMENT :
ABHAY AHUJA, J.
1. By this Appeal, the Appellant, who was the original plaintiff in Suit No. 777 of 2014 (the “suit”) is seeking to impugn the order and judgment dated 8 and 11 September 2015 of dismissal of the suit passed by the learned Single Judge of this Court holding the suit as barred by limitation.
2. The facts that comprise the background of this ligation are that by a family arrangement of 1995-96, the businesses and assets of the Gopal Raheja group consisting of Late Gopal Raheja (also known as Mr. G.L. Raheja), the Appellant, the Respondent no. 1, Respondent no. 2 and Respondent no. 5 vested in the Appellant, Respondent no. 1, 5 and their father Mr. Gopal Raheja, Appellant herein (the Plaintiff in the suit) is the eldest daughter of late Gopal L. Raheja who passed away on 18 March 2014. The Respondent no. 1 herein (the Defendant No. 1 in the suit), is the son of late Gopal L. Raheja and younger brother of the Plaintiff. Respondent No. 2 herein (the Defendant no. 2 in the suit), is the wife of Defendant no. 1/Respondent No. 1. The Respondents No. 3 and 4 herein (the Defendants No. 3 and 4 in the suit), Gayatri and Aditi, were the minor daughters of Defendant no. 1/Respondent No. 1 and Defendant no. 2/Respondent No. 2 and grand-daughters of late Gopal L. Raheja. The Respondent no. 5 herein (the Defendant no. 5 in the suit), is the younger daughter of late Gopal L. Raheja and younger sister of the Plaintiff/Appellant. The Plaintiff/Appellant and the Defendants no. 1 and 5/Respondents No. 1 and 5 are closely related to each other as brother and sisters being the children of late Gopal L. Raheja and his wife late Sheila G. Raheja. The Appellant claims that the vesting was equal and collective and that the Appellant was entitled to her share in the assets and properties of the Gopal Raheja group which is denied by the Respondents.
3. It is the case of the Appellant that the family arrangement of 1995-96 as well as of 1987 and Gopal Raheja’s Suit No. 2363 of 2012, would show that Gopal Raheja was the karta of the Gopal Raheja HUF and Respondent no. 1 was a party to the family arrangement and even signed the same. Although the Respondent no. 1 does not dispute his signature on the family arrangement, the share of the Appellant is denied by him. It is claimed that first Respondent’s signature amounts to judicial admission binding on him in view of the settled law and therefore the exception in Section 4(3)(a) of the Benami Act would apply to him. That, therefore, the present suit is not barred by the prohibition contained in the Benami Act in the light of Sections 2(9)(A)(b)(i) and (ii) and Section 4(3)(b) of the said Act.
4. Further, with respect to the issue of limitation, the Appellant’s case is that the cause of action arose on 28 January 2012 when Respondent no. 1 for the first time derogated from the family arrangement of 1995-96 and sought to espouse an oral family arrangement of 1952. The suit was filed on 1 August 2014 and it is submitted that therefore the suit is not barred by limitation.
5. The learned Single Judge was called upon to decide the following two preliminary issues which were framed under Section 9A of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (the “CPC”):
(b) Whether the suit is barred by limitation?”
6. The learned Single Judge observed that the issues of limitation and benami were mixed questions of fact and law requiring evidence. Paragraphs 2, 13, 15, 24, 28, 29 and 30 of the said impugned decision are usefully quoted as under:
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The issue of limitation cannot be framed as a preliminary issue under Section 9A of CPC, as established in Nusli Neville Wadia vs. Ivory Properties.
The Trial Court cannot frame an issue under Section 9-A that disposes of a suit or cause of action in part; jurisdictional issues must be resolved for the entire suit.
The principle of res judicata and the provisions of Order XIV Rule 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 were central to the court's decision.
A disputed question cannot be decided as a preliminary issue.
All issues of law and fact must be decided together, and the judgment in the suit as a whole must be pronounced by the court covering all the issues framed in the suit. The court also emphasized that....
The provision under Order 14 Rule 2 C.P.C. is discretionary and not mandatory, allowing the trial Court to decide the issue of jurisdiction as a preliminary issue or with other issues.
Jurisdictional issues in civil suits involving mixed questions of law and fact cannot be decided as preliminary issues before considering all other issues framed by the court, as mandated by procedur....
The main legal point established in the judgment is that the determination of the question of limitation required a consideration of facts and law, and therefore, it should be decided along with othe....
The main legal point established in the judgment is that the issue of territorial jurisdiction can be tried as a preliminary issue under Order XIV Rule 2 of the Civil Procedure Code.
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