IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
Milind N. Jadhav, J.
Mr. Ali Akbar Jafari – Applicant
Versus
Shri. Hiraman Tukaram Khandave and ors. - Respondents
Civil Revision Application No. 535, 545 of 2022
Decided On : 05-06-2023
Specific Relief Act - Suit for declaration and cancellation of sale-deed and for injunction - Section 34 - [AIR 2020 SC 2721]
Fact of the Case:
The Defendant filed an application seeking rejection of the plaintiff's suit on the grounds that the suit was not maintainable as it was barred by the provisions of Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963. The Defendant argued that the suit was not tenable as it was barred by the provisions of Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act, and that the plaintiff failed to seek the relief of specific performance of the Development Agreement.
Finding of the Court:
The Court found that the reliefs prayed for by the Plaintiffs were not seeking any declaratory relief of title in respect of their entitlement to the suit lands. The Court held that the provisions of Section 34 cannot apply to the present case and that the plaint discloses a real cause of action. The Court upheld the Trial Court's order rejecting the Application filed below Order VII Rule 11 of the CPC.
Issues: The main issue was whether the suit was maintainable and whether it was barred by the provisions of Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963.
Ratio Decidendi: The Court held that the reliefs prayed for by the Plaintiffs were not seeking any declaratory relief of title in respect of their entitlement to the suit lands, and therefore, the provisions of Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act did not apply to the present case.
Final Decision: Both Civil Revision Applications were dismissed.
JUDGMENT:
1. Civil Revision Application No.535 of 2022 takes exception to the order dated 05.05.2022 passed by the 2nd Additional Judge, Small Causes Court, Civil Judge, Senior Division, Pune (for short “the Trial Court”) below Exhibit 131 in Special Civil Suit No.1296 of 2012. Exhibit 131 is an Application filed by Defendant No.1 under Order VII Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (for short “CPC”) seeking rejection of plaint. This Application is filed on 13.10.2018. The only ground for filing this Application after 6 years of filing the Suit is that during pendency of the Suit the original Plaintiff assigned its right in the suit property to the present Plaintiffs and consequently the present Plaintiffs (Respondent Nos.1 to 4 herein) stood impleaded in place of Original Plaintiff (Hiranandani Properties Private Limited) pursuant to the order dated 06.11.2015 passed below Exhibit 65 by the learned Trial Court.
2. Civil Revision Application No.545 of 2022 takes exception to the order dated 05.05.2022 passed below Exhibit 160 in Special Civil Suit No.1450 of 2012.
3. Facts are identical in both the Suits. Impugned orders are also almost identical.
4. Mr. Wakankar, learned Advocate appearing for the Applicant (Original Defendant No.1) would contend that the Application below Order VII Rule 11 of the CPC dated 12.11.2018 is filed by Defendant No.1, inter alia, contending that as a consequence of assignment by the Original Plaintiff in favour of the present Plaintiffs, it is seen that the present Plaintiff has stepped into the shoes of the Original Plaintiff and therefore their claims cannot be set to be in excess of the claims of the Original Plaintiffs. He would contend that in that view of the matter, the present Suit is not tenable as it is barred by the provisions of Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 and more specifically the proviso thereunder. He would next contend that by virtue of impleadment of the present Plaintiffs into the shoes of the Original Plaintiff, the present Plaintiffs have failed to seek and pray for the consequential relief contemplated by proviso to Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act as the bar expressed thereunder is evident from the contents of the plaint itself. He would submit that the Suit filed by the Plaintiff is not for specific performance of the Development Agreement and the learned Trial Court has failed to consider the effect of notice of termination / revocation of the Development Agreement and Power of Attorney issued by Defendant No.1 to the Original Plaintiff. He would submit that the Original Plaintiff was aware that the Development Agreement and Power of Attorney were infact terminated and revoked by Defendant No.2 who is the original owner of the suit lands. He would submit that in that view of the matter, the Original Plaintiff did not seek the relief of specific performance of the Development Agreement to ascertain its rights. He would submit that in view of the proviso to Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act once the assignee of the Original Plaintiff chooses not to seek the relief of specific performance of the Development Agreement, the Suit in the present form is not maintainable considering that there is a sale deed executed by the original owner in favour of Defendant No.1 (Applicant herein) on 30.07.2012 in respect of the very same suit land. He would submit that since the Original Plaintiff has failed to seek the relief of specific performance of the Agreement, though the same was available to it, present plaint is liable to be rejected. According to him, as on date, the period of limitation for seeking specific performance has also expired. He would submit that though Respondents have filed a reply to the present Application, they have not stated as to how the Suit without seeking the relief of specific performance and declaration about termination notice is maintainable. According to him the words used in the proviso to Section 34 is ‘further relief’ and no
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The reliefs prayed for by the Plaintiffs were not seeking any declaratory relief of title in respect of their entitlement to the suit lands, and therefore, the provisions of Section 34 of the Specifi....
Specific performance cannot be enforced against parties not privy to the original contract, and suits lacking a cause of action are subject to rejection under Order VII Rule 11 of the CPC.
(1) There cannot be any challenge to a consent decree as stipulated under Order XXIII Rule 3-A of C.P.C.(2) Relief for specific performance can also be enforced against a person who is not a party to....
Plaint not rejected under Order VII Rule 11(d) CPC despite 28-year delay in specific performance suit where fraud, collusion, unilateral cancellation averred, making limitation mixed fact-law issue r....
A plaintiff's failure to seek explicit title declaration does not render the suit unmaintainable if sufficient evidence of ownership exists, especially when the trial is ongoing.
The question of limitation is a mixed question of law and fact and cannot be decided based solely on the averments in the plaint. The court emphasized that such issues require evidence and should be ....
The proviso of Order 7, Rule 11 evidently covers the cases falling within the ambit of clauses (b) and (c) and has no application to a rejection of a plaint under Order 7 Rule 11(d).
The suit for specific performance was barred by limitation as per Articles 54 and 58 of the Limitation Act, requiring a specific challenge to the termination notice for maintainability.
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